Childhood abuse and neglect may induce deficits in cognitive precursors of psychosis in high-risk children

Berthelot, Nicolas; Paccalet, Thomas; Gilbert, Elsa; Moreau, Isabel; Mérette, Chantal; Gingras, Nathalie; Rouleau, Nancie; Maziade, Michel

doi:10.1503/jpn.140211

Cited by 55 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Models placing competence/control beliefs first posit that individuals, who perceive themselves to be less competent and events to be predominantly controlled by external factors, are less likely to initiate and sustain positive coping behavior ( 34 , 79 ). Models with the reverse sequence, however, state that exposure to childhood adversities and trauma has an adverse effect on cognitive development ( 80 ), which results in poor coping skills ( 81 ). Ineffective coping skills lead to long-standing difficulties when faced with future stressors, which increases the risk to develop dysfunctional competence/control beliefs as well as depressiveness and suicidality ( 77 , 82 – 84 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediators Linking Childhood Adversities and Trauma to Suicidality in Individuals at Risk for Psychosis

et al. 2017

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Suicidality is highly prevalent in patients at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. Childhood adversities and trauma are generally predictive of suicidality. However, the differential effects of adversity/trauma-domains and CHR-criteria, i.e., ultra-high risk and basic symptom criteria, on suicidality remain unclear. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms and, thus, worthwhile targets for suicide-prevention are still poorly understood. Therefore, structural equation modeling was used to test theory-driven models in 73 CHR-patients. Mediators were psychological variables, i.e., beliefs about one’s own competencies as well as the controllability of events and coping styles. In addition, symptomatic variables (depressiveness, basic symptoms, attenuated psychotic symptoms) were hypothesized to mediate the effect of psychological mediators on suicidality as the final outcome variable. Results showed two independent pathways. In the first pathway, emotional and sexual but not physical adversity/trauma was associated with suicidality, which was mediated by dysfunctional competence/control beliefs, a lack of positive coping-strategies and depressiveness. In the second pathway, cognitive basic symptoms but not attenuated psychotic symptoms mediated the relationship between trauma/adversity and suicidality. CHR-patients are, thus, particularly prone to suicidality if adversity/trauma is followed by the development of depressiveness. Regarding the second pathway, this is the first study showing that adversity/trauma led to suicidality through an increased risk for psychosis as indicated by cognitive basic symptoms. As insight is generally associated with suicidality, this may explain why self-experienced basic symptoms increase the risk for it. Consequently, these mediators should be monitored regularly and targeted by integrated interventions as early as possible to enhance resilience against suicidality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediators Linking Childhood Adversities and Trauma to Suicidality in Individuals at Risk for Psychosis

et al. 2017

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“…Furthermore, childhood trauma has a negative effect on cognitive functions in healthy individuals as well as in patients with psychosis and their high-risk offspring, in particular in relation to general cognitive abilities, memory, and executive functions. (Aas et al 2011;Berthelot et al 2015;Bucker et al 2012). By contrast, several studies (Read and Ross 2003;Resnick et al 2003;Lysaker et al 2001) have found no differences in negative symptoms prevalence between abused and non-abused inpatients, whereas two adult in-patient studies found slightly fewer negative symptoms in abused subjects (McCormick and Goff 1991;Ross et al 1994;Ajnakina et al 2016).…”

Section: Association Between Childhood Trauma and Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-Life Adversity, Systemic Inflammation and Comorbid Physical and Psychiatric Illnesses of Adult Life

Nettis

Pariante

Mondelli

2019

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

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“…Kraan et al (2015) suggest possible mechanisms, including the formation of negative schemas and the impact of trauma on stress regulation via the hypothalamic–pituitary axis. Similarly, Berthelot et al (2015) recognise that there may be genetic or stress-related variables.…”

Section: Trauma and Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study demonstrated that children already at familial increased risk of psychosis who were exposed to abuse or neglect had greater levels of cognitive deficits such as lower IQ (effect size ES = 0.61), visual episodic memory (ES = 0.67) and initiation (ES = 1.01) (Berthelot 2015). These deficits overlap with those known to be impaired in adults with psychosis.…”

Section: Trauma and Abusementioning

confidence: 99%

The psychosis risk timeline: can we improve our preventive strategies? Part 2: adolescence and adulthood

et al. 2019

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SUMMARYCurrent understanding of psychosis development is relevant to patients' clinical outcomes in mental health services as a whole, given that psychotic symptoms can be a feature of many different diagnoses at different stages of life. Understanding the risk factors helps clinicians to contemplate primary, secondary and tertiary preventive strategies that it may be possible to implement. In this second article of a three-part series, the psychosis risk timeline is again considered, here focusing on risk factors more likely to be encountered during later childhood, adolescence and adulthood. These include environmental factors, substance misuse, and social and psychopathological aspects.LEARNING OBJECTIVES:After reading this article you will be able to: •understanding the range of risk factors for development of psychotic symptoms in young people and adults•understand in particular the association between trauma/abuse and subsequent psychosis•appreciate current evidence for the nature and strength of the link between substance misuse and psychosis.DECLARATION OF INTEREST:None.

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Childhood abuse and neglect may induce deficits in cognitive precursors of psychosis in high-risk children

Cited by 55 publications

References 60 publications

Mediators Linking Childhood Adversities and Trauma to Suicidality in Individuals at Risk for Psychosis

Mediators Linking Childhood Adversities and Trauma to Suicidality in Individuals at Risk for Psychosis

Early-Life Adversity, Systemic Inflammation and Comorbid Physical and Psychiatric Illnesses of Adult Life

The psychosis risk timeline: can we improve our preventive strategies? Part 2: adolescence and adulthood

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