Childhood abuse and psychotic experiences in adulthood: findings from a 35-year longitudinal study

Bell, Caroline; Foulds, James; Horwood, L. John; Mulder, Roger; Boden, Joseph M.

doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.264

Cited by 41 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As interesting ndings of our study, the summary of regression analysis results revealed that for the patients with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, positive symptoms were related to sexual abuse, dissociative amnesia, absorption, and physical abuse, negative symptoms were associated with physical abuse, and general psychopathology symptoms were related to absorption and physical abuse. These ndings were consistent with studies conducted by She eld et al [13], Bendall et al [14], and Read et al [15], whereas they were inconsistent with results obtained by Bell et al [16]. However, contrary to She eld et al [13], we observed no relationship between emotional abuse and psychotic symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Dissociation as a Causal Pathway from Sexual Abuse to Positive Symptoms in the Spectrum of Psychotic Disorders

Khosravi

Bakhshani

Kasaeiyan

2021

Preprint

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Background: Although numerous studies have supported the role of childhood maltreatment in the etiology of psychosis, underlying mechanisms have not been well understood yet. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of particular forms of dissociation in the relationship between five major types of childhood abuse and psychotic symptoms among patients with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.Methods: In this cross-sectional correlation study, a total of 210 participants, including 140 patients with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (70 first-episode psychotic patients and 70 chronic psychotic patients) and 70 community controls, were selected by systematic random sampling (with the sampling interval of 3) and one-to-one matching, respectively, from among inpatients and outpatients referring to Baharan Psychiatric hospital, Zahedan, Iran, and people living in this region. In this study, the evaluation criteria included Dissociative Experiences Scale, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.Results: The obtained results revealed that the mean scores of sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and physical abuse were higher in psychotic patients than community controls (without any significant difference among first-episode psychotic patients and chronic psychotic patients). Furthermore, the highest mean scores of dissociative experiences belonged to chronic psychotic patients. Regarding the three study groups, there was no significant gender-based difference between mean scores of dissociative experiences and various types of childhood maltreatment. Multiple-mediation also indicated that absorption and dissociative amnesia played a mediating role in the relationship between sexual abuse and positive symptoms. Moreover, this study implied the role of physical abuse in predicting psychotic symptoms even in the absence of sexual abuse. Conclusions: This study illustrated specific associations among childhood maltreatment, dissociative experiences, and psychotic symptoms in the clinical population. Thus, to provide appropriate interventions, patients with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders needed to be asked about a wide range of possible adverse childhood experiences and dissociative experiences. Nevertheless, further studies using prospective or longitudinal designs need to be carried out to realize the differential contribution of various forms of childhood maltreatment and their potential interactions, more precisely.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…They also suggested the marked relationship between delusions and childhood physical abuse, contrary to the results obtained by Bell et al [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Dissociation as a Causal Pathway from Sexual Abuse to Positive Symptoms in the Spectrum of Psychotic Disorders

Khosravi

Bakhshani

Kasaeiyan

2021

Preprint

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“…Importantly, effects were not better accounted for by concurrent cannabis use, even though this may confer an additional risk [29]. However, not all premorbid risk factors for psychosis have been controlled for in these studies (e.g., familial risk [83], trauma [84], perinatal factors, immigration and urbanicity [85]) and future studies should control for these factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Therefore, the unadjusted estimates we have presented are likely to be inflated due to the multitude of risk factors for poor mental health that co-occur with the use of amphetamines. Possible aetiological factors contributing to high rates of mental disorders amongst people who use amphetamines include common risk factors for substance use problems and mental disorders (e.g., familial risk [82], early childhood trauma [84]), the pharmacological effects of amphetamines (e.g., mood enhancement, withdrawal symptoms), the lasting neurophysiological and potential neurocognitive sequelae of chronic heavy use [88], as well as the secondary consequences of substance dependence (e.g., social isolation related to unemployment, stigma) and co-occurring risk factors (e.g., high rates of polysubstance use and low socio-economic background [87]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health outcomes associated with the use of amphetamines: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2019

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a b s t r a c tBackground: The use of amphetamines is a global public health concern. We summarise global data on use of amphetamines and mental health outcomes. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis (CRD 42017081893). We searched Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo for methamphetamine or amphetamine combined with psychosis, violence, suicidality, depression or anxiety. Included studies were human empirical cross-sectional surveys, case-control studies, cohort studies and randomised controlled trials that assessed the association between methamphetamine and one of the mental health outcomes. Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool results for any use of amphetamines and amphetamine use disorders. Findings: 149 studies were eligible and 59 were included in meta-analyses. There was significant heterogeneity in effects. Evidence came mostly from cross-sectional studies. Any use of amphetamines was associated with higher odds of psychosis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0, 95%CI 1.3-3.3), violence (OR = 2.2, 95%CI 1.2-4.1; adjusted OR [AOR] = 1.4, 95%CI 0.8-2.4), suicidality OR = 4.4, 95%CI 2.4-8.2; AOR = 1.7, 95%CI 1.0-2.9) and depression (OR = 1.6, 95%CI 1.1-2.2; AOR = 1.3, 95%CI 1.2-1.4). Having an amphetamine use disorder was associated with higher odds of psychosis (OR = 3.0, 95%CI 1.9-4.8; AOR = 2.4, 95%CI 1.6-3.5), violence (OR = 6.2, 95%CI 3.1-12.3), and suicidality (OR = 2.3, 95%CI 1.8-2.9; AOR = 1.5, 95%CI 1.3-1.8). Interpretation: Methamphetamine use is an important risk factor for poor mental health. High quality population-level studies are needed to more accurately quantify this risk. Clinical responses to methamphetamine use need to address mental health harms.

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“…These theories were elaborated by Ferenczi 2 , who suggested that childhood sexual abuse could give rise to psychotic symptoms in adults. Following these early conceptualizations, and notwithstanding unmeasured confounds, consistent observational evidence indicates that people who experience DT have a higher risk of psychosis in later life [3][4][5][6][7] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Psychological processes mediating the association between developmental trauma and specific psychotic symptoms in adults: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2021

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Experiencing psychological trauma during childhood and/or adolescence is associated with an increased risk of psychosis in adulthood. However, we lack a clear knowledge of how developmental trauma induces vulnerability to psychotic symptoms. Understanding the psychological processes involved in this association is crucial to the development of preventive interventions and improved treatments. We sought to systematically review the literature and combine findings using meta‐analytic techniques to establish the potential roles of psychological processes in the associations between developmental trauma and specific psychotic experiences (i.e., hallucinations, delusions and paranoia). Twenty‐two studies met our inclusion criteria. We found mediating roles of dissociation, emotional dysregulation and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (avoidance, numbing and hyperarousal) between developmental trauma and hallucinations. There was also evidence of a mediating role of negative schemata, i.e. mental constructs of meanings, between developmental trauma and delusions as well as paranoia. Many studies to date have been of poor quality, and the field is limited by mostly cross‐sectional research. Our findings suggest that there may be distinct psychological pathways from developmental trauma to psychotic phenomena in adulthood. Clinicians should carefully ask people with psychosis about their history of developmental trauma, and screen patients with such a history for dissociation, emotional dysregulation and PTSD symptoms. Well conducted research with prospective designs, including neurocognitive assessment, is required in order to fully understand the biopsychosocial mechanisms underlying the association between developmental trauma and psychosis.

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Childhood abuse and psychotic experiences in adulthood: findings from a 35-year longitudinal study

Cited by 41 publications

References 25 publications

Dissociation as a Causal Pathway from Sexual Abuse to Positive Symptoms in the Spectrum of Psychotic Disorders

Dissociation as a Causal Pathway from Sexual Abuse to Positive Symptoms in the Spectrum of Psychotic Disorders

Mental health outcomes associated with the use of amphetamines: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Psychological processes mediating the association between developmental trauma and specific psychotic symptoms in adults: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

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