Childhood abuse as a risk factor for psychotic experiences

Janssen, I.; Krabbendam, Lydia; Bak, Maarten; Hanssen, M.S.S.; Vollebergh, Wilma; Graaf, Ron de; Os, Jim van

doi:10.1046/j.0001-690x.2003.00217.x

Cited by 677 publications

(458 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…First, lifetime parental history of psychiatric (anxiety; depression; psychosis) or substance use problems (alcohol, cannabis or other drugs) in the biological parents were assessed through self-report by participants. Second, two types of adversity during childhood were evaluated: (i) the presence of one or more of the following childhood ‘family adversities' before age 16: parental divorce, parental death and not being brought up by both parents, and (ii) a history of any ‘child abuse' before age 16: emotional, psychological, physical, and sexual abuse, using a list of examples including ignorance of one's problems, being subordinated to siblings, being beaten up and being touched or having to touch someone with a perverse intention, respectively [44,45,46,47]. Because these experiences of physical abuse may not always occur in isolation and may have an additive effect, the cumulative number of these four types of child abuse was used as the main predictor [48].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Year Course of Cannabis Dependence and Prediction of Persistence

et al. 2015

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Aims: To examine the course and the predictors of the persistence of cannabis dependence. Methods: Through cannabis outlets and chain referral, a prospective enriched community cohort of 207 young adults (aged 18-30) with DSM-IV cannabis dependence at baseline (T0) was formed and followed-up after 1.5 (T1) and 3 (T2) years. The presence of cannabis dependence, cannabis-related problems, functional impairment and treatment was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Predictors of persistence were lifetime cannabis abuse and dependence symptoms, cannabis use characteristics, distant vulnerability factors (e.g. childhood adversity, family history of psychological/substance use problems, impulsivity, mental disorders), and proximal stress factors (recent life events, social support). Results: Four groups were distinguished: persistent dependent (DDD: 28.0%), stable non-persistent (DNN: 40.6%), late non-persistent (DDN: 17.9%) and recurrent dependent (DND: 13.5%). At T2, persisters (DDD) reported significantly more (heavy) cannabis use and cannabis problems than non-persisters (DNN/DDN/DND). Treatment seeking for cannabis-related problems was rare, even among persisters (15.5%). The number (OR = 1.23 (1.03-1.48)) and type (‘role impairment' OR = 2.85 (1.11-7.31), ‘use despite problems' OR = 2.34 (1.15-4.76)) of lifetime cannabis abuse/dependence symptoms were the only independent predictors of persistence with a total explained variance of 8.8%. Conclusions: Persistence of cannabis dependence in the community is low, difficult to predict, and associated with a negative outcome. The substantial proportion of stable non-persisters suggests that screening and monitoring or low-threshold brief interventions may suffice for many non-treatment-seeking cannabis-dependent people. However, those with many lifetime abuse/dependence symptoms may benefit from more intensive interventions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Year Course of Cannabis Dependence and Prediction of Persistence

et al. 2015

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“…These subtypes have been discussed with many psychiatrists and mental health workers with various backgrounds, both informally and during training workshops. Psychosocial research has provided some support for these groupings: it has demonstrated the impact of stimulant and hallucinogenic drugs [39], and the role of trauma [19,35] and of stress sensitivity [32] in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A semi-structured clinical interview for psychosis sub-groups (SCIPS): development and psychometric properties

Kinoshita

Kingdon

Kinoshita

et al. 2011

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…Bentall et al (44) found that being raped increased the odds of voice-hearing sixfold. Janssen et al (47) found child abuse prospectively predicted the development of voice-hearing, even after controlling for a family history of psychosis. This opens up an understanding of women's voice-hearing not as a symptom of madness or disease, but of a patriarchal society that attempts to control women's bodies.…”

Section: Women and Voice-hearing After The Birth Of Psychiatrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective Politics, Debility and Hearing Voices: Towards a Feminist Politics of Ordinary Suffering

Blackman¹

2015

Feminist Review

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This paper explores the experiences of women who "hear voices" (auditory verbal hallucinations). We begin by examining historical understandings of women hearing voices, showing these have been driven by androcentric theories of how women's bodies functioned leading to women being viewed as requiring their voices be interpreted by men. We show the twentieth century was associated with recognition that the mental violation of women's minds (represented by some voice-hearing) was often a consequence of the physical violation of women's bodies. We next report the results of a qualitative study into voice-hearing women's experiences (n = 8). This found similarities between women's relationships with their voices and their relationships with others and the wider social context. Finally, we present results from a quantitative study comparing voice-hearing in women (n = 65) and men (n = 132) in a psychiatric setting. Women were more likely than men to have certain forms of voice-hearing (voices conversing) and to have antecedent events of trauma, physical illness, and relationship problems. Voices identified as female may have more positive affect than male voices. We conclude that women voice-hearers have and continue to face specific challenges necessitating research and activism, and hope this paper will act as a stimulus to such work.

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Childhood abuse as a risk factor for psychotic experiences

Abstract: The results suggest that early childhood trauma increases the risk for positive psychotic symptoms. This finding fits well with recent models that suggest that early adversities may lead to psychological and biological changes that increase psychosis vulnerability.

Cited by 677 publications

References 55 publications

Three-Year Course of Cannabis Dependence and Prediction of Persistence

Three-Year Course of Cannabis Dependence and Prediction of Persistence

A semi-structured clinical interview for psychosis sub-groups (SCIPS): development and psychometric properties

Affective Politics, Debility and Hearing Voices: Towards a Feminist Politics of Ordinary Suffering

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