Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Rubnitz, Jeffrey E.; Pui, Ching‐Hon

doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2-6-374

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…Besides morphological and cytochemical studies, immunophenotyping has become an essential diagnostic tool for classification, prognosis, patient management and for disease monitoring of acute leukemias. [8][9][10] Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a major subtype of leukemia in children, where as AML is as common in adults. 11 In this study cyCD79a, cyCD22, cyCD3, and cyMPO were highly sensitive, specific B, T, and myeloid markers that were expressed in virtually all cases of B and T cell ALL and in all subtypes of AML.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunophenotypic study of acute leukemia by flow cytometry at BPKMCH.

Shrestha

Pun

et al. 2013

J Pathol Nep

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Background: Immunophenotyping of acute leukemia is one of the most important clinical applications of fl ow cytometry. The aim of this study was to determine the immunophenotyping profi le of acute leukemia, by means of a fl ow cytometric method, using monoclonal antibodies all marked with a fl uorochrome, in four colour systems to assess their distribution according to type of leukemia (lymphoid B or T / myeloid). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected data of immunophenotyping from 52 acute leukemia patients at the department of pathology in B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital from January 2010 to December 2011. Diagnosis was based on peripheral blood and bone marrow examination for morphology, cytochemistry and immunophenotypic studies. Results: Out of total 52 cases of acute leukemia diagnosed by fl ow cytometry over a two year period, there were 31 cases (59.6 %) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 20 cases (38.4 %) of acute myelogenous leukemia and one case (1.9 %) of bi-phenotypic acute leukemia. Leukemia was diagnosed among adults in 44.2 % whereas among children with age less than or equal to 15 years in 55.7 %. Thirty eight (73%) were male and 14 (27 %) were female with a male: female ratio of 2.7:1. For acute myelogenous leukemia, it was found that M0 (5.0 %), M1 (20%), M2 (60%), M3 (15%), M4 (5.0 %) were detected. CD13 and CD33 were the most useful markers in the diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia. The most common subtype was AML-M2. Of the 31 cases with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 20 cases (64.5 %) were identifi ed as B-ALL and 11 cases (35.5%) as T-ALL. Aside from cytoplasmic CD3 (cCD3) and CD7 were the most sensitive antigens present in all cases of T-ALL. All cases of B-ALL showed expression of pan B-cell markers CD19 and CD22, but 15 (75 %) of 20 cases expressed CD10. Conclusion: Flow cytometric immunophenotyping was found to be especially useful in the correct identifi cation and diagnosis of acute myeloid or lymphoblastic leukemia and its subtypes. In combination with French-American-British (FAB) morphology and immunophenotyping, we were able to diagnose and classify all patients with acute leukemia in this study. Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, No.1, Issue 5, 345-350 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i5.7856

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunophenotypic study of acute leukemia by flow cytometry at BPKMCH.

Shrestha

Pun

et al. 2013

J Pathol Nep

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“…Leukemia limfoblastik akut adalah salah satu tipe leukemia atau kanker pada leukosit dimana terjadi keganasan proliferasi sel-sel limfoblas muda dan ditunjukkan adanya jumlah limfoblas yang berlebihan di sumsum tulang, kelenjar limf, dan darah. [1][2][3][4][5]9 LLA merupakan kelainan secara biologik sehingga karakteristik morfologik, imunologik, sitogenetik, biokimiawi, dan genetik molekular dari limfoblas perlu ditentukan dalam menegakkan diagnosis dan klasifikasi. 9…”

Section: Definisiunclassified

“…1 Salah satu jenis leukemia yang sering terjadi pada anak-anak dan remaja yaitu leukemia limfoblastik akut (LLA). [2][3][4][5] Etiologi leukemia masih belum diketahui pasti. Para ahli menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara leukemia dengan beberapa faktor risiko seperti faktor-faktor genetik, lingkungan (termasuk ionization radiation), dan orang tua yang peminum alkohol atau perokok.…”

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“…Pendapat lain mengemukakan bahwa lingkungan yang terpapar medan magnet perlu diperhitungkan, tetapi belum terbukti sebagai faktor penyebab LLA. 1, 3,5 Manifestasi klinik leukemia dapat berupa kelelahan dan kelemahan, pucat, infeksi dan demam yang tidak sembuh dengan antibiotik, mudah berdarah atau memar, nyeri sendi atau tulang, hilangnya nafsu makan dan turunnya berat badan, pembesaran kelenjar limf, batuk atau kesulitan pernafasan, pembesaran hati atau limpa, pembengkakan muka dan tangan, sakit kepala, serta muntah. 1,6 Penanganan pasien LLA ialah pemberian kemoterapi dengan menggunakan protokol kemoterapi internasional, yaitu: induction, CNS preventive therapy, consolidation /reinduction, dan maintenance therapy.…”

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Rehabilitasi Medik Pada Anak Dengan Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut

Yenni

2014

JBM

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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is oftenly found in children as well as in adolescents. ALL occurs in 3-4 cases of 100,000 children. The specific etiology of ALL is still unknown, but it is related to a multifactorial process associated with genetic, immunology, environment, toxic substances, viral exposures, and ionization radiation. Clinical manifestations of ALL may include fatigue and weakness, palor, infections and febris that are not improved with antibiotics, easy bleeding or bruising, joint or bone pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, enlarged lymph nodes, cough, or difficulty of breathing, enlargement of the liver or spleen, swelling of the face and hands, headaches, and vomiting. Functional improvement is a goal for medical rehabilitation in patient with LLA. In general, cancer rehabilitation management aims to maintain body functions including mobilization and activity, nutrition, social support systems, and pain control. Moreover, the program is implemented in conjunction with specific interventions based on the affected organ systems.Keywords: ALL, medical rehabilitationAbstrak: Leukemia limfoblastik akut (LLA) merupakan kanker yang sering terjadi pada anak-anak dan remaja. LLA terjadi pada 3-4 kasus dari 100.000 anak. Etiologi spesifik LLA belum diketahui, tetapi berhubungan dengan proses multifaktorial yang berkaitan dengan genetik, imunologi, lingkungan, toksik, paparan virus, ionization radiation. Manifestasi klinik leukemia dapat berupa kelelahan dan kelemahan, kulit pucat, infeksi dan demam yang tidak sembuh dengan antibiotik, mudah berdarah atau memar, nyeri sendi atau tulang, hilangnya nafsu makan dan turunnya berat badan, pembesaran kelenjar limfe, batuk atau kesulitan pernafasan, pembesaran hati atau limpa, pembengkakan muka dan tangan, sakit kepala, dan muntah Perbaikan status fungsional merupakan tujuan utama rehabilitasi medik pasien LLA. Penanganan rehabilitasi kanker secara umum ialah untuk memelihara fungsi meliputi mobilisasi, aktivitas, nutrisi, sistem pendukung sosial dan pengendalian rasa nyeri. Keseluruhan program ini diterapkan bersamaan dengan intervensi spesifik berdasarkan sistem organ yang terkena.Kata kunci: LLA, rehabilitasi medik

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“…La leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) es la patología maligna más frecuente en los menores de 15 años. 1,2 Aunque algunos tratamientos médicos podrían lograr una supervivencia a 5 años superior al 80%, [3][4][5][6] también es cierto que existen dificultades en países no industrializados para disminuir la mortalidad por esta enfermedad e, incluso, como en el caso colombiano, las tasas de mortalidad por leucemias pediátricas son más elevadas que las de otros países en la región. 1 Los estudios que abordan la búsqueda de factores etiológicos de la LLA no son consistentes 7,8 y no ha sido posible diseñar estrategias enfocadas a disminuir el riesgo de enfermar.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Aproximación a la semiología clínica prediagnóstica, advertida por la madre, de la leucemia linfoide aguda pediátrica

2015

Arch Argent Pediat

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Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Cited by 27 publications

References 85 publications

Immunophenotypic study of acute leukemia by flow cytometry at BPKMCH.

Immunophenotypic study of acute leukemia by flow cytometry at BPKMCH.

Rehabilitasi Medik Pada Anak Dengan Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut

Aproximación a la semiología clínica prediagnóstica, advertida por la madre, de la leucemia linfoide aguda pediátrica

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