Childhood adversity among Black children: The role of supportive neighborhoods

Melton-Fant, Courtnee

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104419

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Also less well known is how the impacts of ACEs in children are related to the well-being of their caregivers, or to what extent sociocultural factors (e.g., racism) act as ACEs in a child's life. It is clear that Black children have a different level of exposure to a variety of ACEs than their White counterparts, and that supportive environmental factors (e.g., safe neighborhoods, reduced parental incarceration, safe schools and places to play) reduce the potency of the adversity experienced early in life (Melton-Fant, 2019). There are many ways to interrupt potential negative developmental trajectories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving Our Understanding: Housing Instability as an ACE for Young Children

2022

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We investigated the conceptualization and impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in a sample of 231 children ages 3-5 living in poverty and experiencing homelessness, focusing specifically on caregiver well-being and housing instability. Data was collected using the Neurodevelopmental Ecological Screening Tool (NEST), which screens for developmental risk and resilience across three domains (neurodevelopmental, caregiver, and environment). We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to test the association between domains and ACE scores and assessed the impact on neurodevelopmental constructs. Fifty-five percent of the sample had high ACE scores (> 3), which were associated with lower attention, social skills, and emotional regulation. ACEs were strongly associated with 0.17 standard deviation units of higher levels of caregiver distress (p < .001), which was also associated with 0.26 standard deviation units of lower levels of child neurodevelopmental functioning (p = .001). For each unit increase in housing instability, there was a three-fourths increase in ACE (0.78 ACE at p = .004); four or more moves were associated with the worst neurodevelopmental outcomes (53% of the sample). We must use an ecological, developmental lens to understand how early adversity impacts children, at what age, and in what context. Housing stability plays a critical role in developmental well-being and should be accounted for in conceptualizations of child ACE scales. Caregiver and child relationships are reciprocal, and so the impacts of ACEs are also bidirectional. Our policies and practices at individual, community, and systemic levels should account for these dynamics to improve child well-being.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving Our Understanding: Housing Instability as an ACE for Young Children

2022

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“…Mother's age indicated the mother's age in years at the time of the child's birth (Falster et al, 2018). Race/ethnicity was self‐reported at baseline as White, Black, Hispanic, or other (Conwell et al, 2021; Melton‐Fant, 2019). Mothers reported the highest level of education they had completed by the Year 5 interview, when children were approximately 5 years old (1 = Less than a high school degree , 2 = High school degree or GED , 3 = Some college , and 4 = College degree or higher ; Awada & Shelleby, 2021) as well as household income in dollars (Duncan et al, 2012; McEwen & Stewart, 2014), and whether there was a family history of mental disorder on either the maternal or paternal side (Logue et al, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal supports, housing insecurity, and adolescent outcomes: Implications for promoting resilience

Marçal

Maguire‐Jack

2022

American J of Comm Psychol

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Adolescents in low‐income, marginalized families are vulnerable to behavior problems that impede healthy functioning and threaten long‐term well‐being. Informal supports may fill an important gap for these households as they navigate financial and social stressors. Instrumental support from social networks and neighborhood cohesion may promote family stability and youth well‐being; further, these informal supports may promote resilience to housing insecurity, which is linked with a range of adverse adolescent outcomes. The present study utilized data from a large sample of at‐risk families with children (N = 2425) to investigate whether instrumental support and neighborhood cohesion predicted adolescent behavior problems over 10 years and whether these links were mediated by housing insecurity. Results of structural equation modeling with latent variables showed direct links from instrumental support to anxious/depressed behaviors and from neighborhood cohesion to aggressive behaviors, as well as an indirect link from instrumental support to aggressive behavior via housing insecurity. Findings suggest informal supports are an important source of resilience for low‐income families who may be excluded from or are reluctant to engage with formal social systems. Further, stable, connected communities with highly embedded social networks can promote housing stability and youth well‐being in a virtuous cycle.

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“…Fighting for the interests of children is closely related to issues of norms and rights relating to the condition of the child/victim concerned. (Melton-Fant, 2019) The parties concerned with the decision number: 62-K/PM II-10/AD/IX/2016 are: 1) The party convicted is the perpetrator who is a member of the military.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Judgment Considerations Regarding Decisions about Child Sex Abuse Crime Conducted by Military Member

Putri¹

2020

JLLR

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TNI and Children are the two parties that are protected by special laws and regulations. Members of the TNI are committed and submit to military legislation. Apparatus who committed crimes have to follow the military’s criminal law and military court. Meanwhile, children as the victims of criminal acts have the rights that are legally protected in the legislation on child protection. The problems on this research are (1) How is Implementation of Act No. 35 of 2014 About Child Protection against child sex abuse committed by TNI in Judicial Process at Military Court II-10 Semarang? (2) How does the judge’s consideration about the Criminal adjudication to the suspect of the child sex abuse committed by TNI (Case Study of Military Court II-10 Semarang’s Verdict No. 62-K/PM.II-10/AD/IX/2016)? This study uses a qualitative method located in Indonesia with a Verdict as the object of research. The data collection techniques using document and literature study. The result of research, 1) Implementation of Act No. 35 of 2014 About Child Protection in Judicial Process at Military Court II-10 Semarang, i.e (1) Arresting the defendant (2) Giving the child as a victim an opportunity to speak up some testimony (3) The result of Visum et Repertum as a Health service (4) Giving detention and forfeit to defendant along with dismissal from military service 2) Judge's consideration of the Criminal adjudication of perpetrators of the Child Sex Crimes committed by TNI (1) Juridical considerations, i.e : Indictment, testimony of witnesses and defendants, expert's testimony, evidence and other articles in the Child Protection Law (2) Non-Juridical Considerations are mitigating and aggravating factors. The conclusion of this research is that the Implementation of Act no. 35 of 2014 has not been fully implemented in the judicial process in Military Court II-10 Semarang, the child’s identity in the previous verdict is not disguised. Suggestion from this study is the punishment of the defendant should refer to Act no. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection and after the judicial process the parties including law enforcement should provide protection for the future of the child as a victim.

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Childhood adversity among Black children: The role of supportive neighborhoods

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Evolving Our Understanding: Housing Instability as an ACE for Young Children

Evolving Our Understanding: Housing Instability as an ACE for Young Children

Informal supports, housing insecurity, and adolescent outcomes: Implications for promoting resilience

Judgment Considerations Regarding Decisions about Child Sex Abuse Crime Conducted by Military Member

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