Childhood and Offense-Related Trauma in Young People Imprisoned in England and Wales for Murder and Other Acts of Serious Violence: A Descriptive Study

Welfare, Heather; Hollin, Clive R.

doi:10.1080/10926771.2015.1070230

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Overall, the studies’ sample sizes ranged from eight (Welfare & Hollin, 2015) to 167 (Chung et al., 2016b) participants, with a mean age of 32.96 years ( SD = 8.23; range: 16.60–42.60 years). More specifically, most of the studies ( k = 8) were conducted with adult offender samples, and three used youth offender samples (Evans et al., 2007; Steiner et al., 1997; Welfare & Hollin, 2015). In addition, the average percentage of male participants in the sample was 95.5% ( SD = 8.59; range: 75%–100%), and the mean percentage of White participants was 33.8% ( SD = 33.88; range: 0%–88.5%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five studies, including three with adult samples and two with youth samples, used self‐report measures to assess PTSD diagnosis, although most of these studies used item scores to apply the DSM algorithm. Only two studies used cutoff scores, one of which used an adult sample (Gray et al., 2003), whereas the other used a youth sample (Welfare & Hollin, 2015). The most common self‐report measure was the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS; Foa et al., 1997; k = 2), which assesses PTSD based on DSM‐IV criteria (APA, 1994).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the timeframe of PTSD diagnosis, all of the studies assessed current PTSD diagnoses, although three also assessed lifetime diagnoses since the participants’ initial offense‐related PTSD diagnosis, two of which used an adult sample (Kruppa et al., 1995; Papanastassiou et al., 2004), and the other a youth sample (Welfare & Hollin, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning diagnosis type, all studies assessed full PTSD criteria for PTSD related to an offense as the index trauma, except Welfare and Hollin (2015), who assessed PTSD related to a childhood traumatic experience or offense. Only three studies assessed partial PTSD criteria (i.e., subclinical PTSD symptoms), two of which included adult samples (Chung et al., 2016a; Papanastassiou et al., 2004); the other, in which researchers assessed intrusions and rumination symptoms related to committing the index offense, included a youth sample (Welfare & Hollin, 2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Homicide as a Source of Posttraumatic Stress?: A Meta‐Analysis of the Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Committing Homicide

Badenes‐Ribera

Esparza

Longobardi

et al. 2020

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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There is a growing body of literature on the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after committing homicide that has examined the prevalence of this phenomenon among individuals who have been convicted, but these studies considerably vary. The present study was the first meta‐analysis to synthesize scientific evidence regarding the prevalence of offense‐related PTSD among convicted killers. A total of 691 articles were identified through an initial screening process, and the final analysis included 11 studies that met the analysis criteria. We examined the prevalence of PTSD after committing homicide and explored how these rates varied by sample type, offender type, diagnosis timeframe, and diagnosis type. Among adult offenders, the pooled prevalence was 42.6%, 95% CI [38.0%, 47.4%], for current full‐criteria homicide‐related PTSD and 13.1%, 95% CI [9.9%, 17.2%], for current partial‐criteria homicide‐related PTSD. For mixed offenders (i.e., killers and violent offenders), the pooled prevalence of current full‐criteria offense‐related PTSD was 33.1% (95% CI [14.1, 59.8]). Thus, we found that PTSD prevalence was higher in killers than mixed offenders, although this difference was not statistically significant. Finally, among youth mixed offenders, the pooled prevalence for current full‐criteria offense‐related PTSD was 5.3%, 95% CI [2.9%, 9.5%]. These findings provide evidence of the high rate of this phenomenon, especially among convicted adults.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Homicide as a Source of Posttraumatic Stress?: A Meta‐Analysis of the Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Committing Homicide

Badenes‐Ribera

Esparza

Longobardi

et al. 2020

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…These effects may not only increase offenders' vulnerability to developing poor mental health in prison, but also their ability to adapt to the prison environment (Skarupski et al 2016). For example, the reduction of privacy or restrained movement; uncertainty and lack of personal control; social isolation; and aggression or threat of violence in prison may pose additional risk for vulnerable populations, and individuals that have suffered ACEs may suffer re-traumatisation (Crisanti and Frueh 2011;Krammer et al 2018;Marzano et al 2011;Welfare and Hollin 2015). Thus the experience of entering prison may compound the effect of ACEs on mental health and wellbeing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences: a retrospective study to understand their associations with lifetime mental health diagnosis, self-harm or suicide attempt, and current low mental wellbeing in a male Welsh prison population

et al. 2020

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Background: Prisoners are at increased risk of poor mental health and self-harming behaviours, with suicide being the leading cause of death in custody. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as child maltreatment are strong predictors of poor mental health and wellbeing yet despite high levels of ACEs in offender populations, relatively few studies have explored the relationships between ACEs and prisoners' mental health and wellbeing. We conducted an ACE survey with 468 male adult prisoners in a Welsh prison who were not currently considered to be at risk of self-harm and suicide and explored relationships between ACEs, lifetime mental illness diagnosis, self-harm (lifetime and lifetime in prison) or suicide attempt (lifetime and lifetime in prison), and current low mental wellbeing. Results: Most participants (84.2%) had suffered at least one ACE and 45.5% had suffered ≥4 ACEs. Prevalence of lifetime mental illness diagnosis, self-harm (lifetime and lifetime in prison) or suicide attempt (lifetime and lifetime in prison), and current low mental wellbeing increased with exposure to ACEs. For example, 2.7% of those with no ACEs reported lifetime self-harm or suicide attempt in prison compared with 31.0% (self-harm in prison) and 18.3% (suicide attempt in prison) of those with ≥4 ACEs. Compared with participants with no ACEs, those with ≥4 ACEs were four times more likely to report lifetime mental illness diagnosis and suicide attempt, and over 10 times more likely to report lifetime self-harm than those with no ACEs. Independent of lifetime mental illness diagnosis, selfharm or suicide attempt, participants with ≥4 ACEs were almost three times more likely to have current low mental wellbeing than those with no ACEs.

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Incarcerated Young Men and Boys: Trauma, Masculinity and the Need for Trauma-Informed, Gender-Sensitive Correctional Care

Vaswani

Cesaroni

Maycock

2021

The Palgrave International Handbook of Youth Imprisonment

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In this chapter we bring together three previously unconnected areas of research relating to young men and boys: trauma and prison; trauma and masculinity; and prison masculinities. Within the existing literature there emerges a significant focus on incarcerated young women and trauma, while there is a relative dearth of literature focusing on young men and boys and their trauma experiences prior to, and as a consequence of, incarceration. Furthermore, we consider the ways in which masculinity and trauma interact to reduce the likelihood that young men and boys are able to seek help or benefit from treatment. Consequently, this chapter advocates that there is a pressing need to better understand how prison masculinities interface with trauma-informed care. It is evident that more research is needed with young men and boys about their trauma experiences; the manifestation of their trauma symptoms; and how to better support their recovery. Ultimately, through considering these areas and exploring areas of connection and disconnection, we argue for both trauma-informed and gender-sensitive correctional care for incarcerated young men and boys, whose vulnerabilities have tended to be overlooked.

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Childhood and Offense-Related Trauma in Young People Imprisoned in England and Wales for Murder and Other Acts of Serious Violence: A Descriptive Study

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Homicide as a Source of Posttraumatic Stress?: A Meta‐Analysis of the Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Committing Homicide

Homicide as a Source of Posttraumatic Stress?: A Meta‐Analysis of the Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Committing Homicide

Adverse childhood experiences: a retrospective study to understand their associations with lifetime mental health diagnosis, self-harm or suicide attempt, and current low mental wellbeing in a male Welsh prison population

Incarcerated Young Men and Boys: Trauma, Masculinity and the Need for Trauma-Informed, Gender-Sensitive Correctional Care

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