Childhood Behavioral Inhibition and Maternal Symptoms of Depression

Moehler, Eva; Kagan, Jerome; Parzer, Peter; Brunner, Romuald; Reck, Corinna; Wiebel, Angelika; Poustka, Luise; Resch, Franz

doi:10.1159/000107429

Cited by 56 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…It is related to impaired functioning and also impacts the child of the affected mother, with psychological and behavioral problems occurring beyond infancy and into childhood (Hay et al, 2001;Moehler et al, 2007;Murray, Fiori-Cowley, Hooper, & Cooper, 1996;Ramchandani, Stein, Evans, & O'Connor, 2005;Weinberg & Tronick, 1998).…”

Section: Postpartum Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive coordination of currently depressed inpatient mothers and their infants during the postpartum period

Reck

Noe

Stefenelli

et al. 2011

Infant Mental Health Journal

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In healthy mother-infant dyads, interactions are characterized by a pattern of matching and mismatching interactive states with quick reparation of mismatches into matches. In contrast, dyads in which mothers have postpartum depression show impaired mother-infant interaction patterns over the first few months of the infant's life. The majority of studies that have examined such interaction patterns have drawn on community samples rather than on depressed inpatient samples of mothers who were in a state of current depression at the time of assessment. To date, no study has investigated specific microanalytic patterns of interactive coordination between depressed German mothers and their infants using the Face-to-Face Still-Face paradigm (FFSF). The primary goal of this study was to evaluate specific patterns of dyadic coordination and the capacity for repairing states of miscoordination in an inpatient sample of postpartum currently depressed mothers and their infants as compared with a healthy control group. A sample of 28 depressed inpatient German mothers and their infants (age range = 1-8 months, M age = 4.06 months) and 34 healthy dyads (range = 1-8 months, M age = 3.89 months) were videotaped while engaging in the FFSF. A focus was placed on the play and reunion episodes. Compared with healthy dyads, dyads with depressed mothers showed less coordination of positive matched states and longer latencies when repairing interactive mismatching states into positive matched states. Clinical implications are discussed.

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Section: Postpartum Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive coordination of currently depressed inpatient mothers and their infants during the postpartum period

Reck

Noe

Stefenelli

et al. 2011

Infant Mental Health Journal

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“…With regard to depression, two family studies observed elevated rates of BI among offspring of depressed parents [Kochanska, 1991;Rosenbaum et al, 2000], although a third study did not [Kochanska and Radke-Yarrow, 1992]. Another recent study found that child BI at 14 months was associated with depression in mothers at 4 months post-partum [Moehler et al, 2007]. A long-term prospective study of an epidemiologic sample also found links between inhibited behavior at age 3 (observed by examiners during a cognitive assessment) and major depression in early adulthood [Caspi et al, 1996]; in particular, with depression which onset in childhood and recurred in adulthood [Jaffee et al, 2007].…”

Section: Questions About Other Risks Conferred By Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral inhibition

et al. 2008

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Over the past 25 years, our understanding of the risks conferred by "behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar" (BI) has grown tremendously, yet many questions remain. BI represents the persistent tendency to show extreme reticence, fearfulness, or avoidance in novel situations or with unfamiliar people. Prospective studies of high-risk offspring, selected community children, and unselected epidemiologic samples converge to suggest that BI confers specific risk for social anxiety disorder in early and middle childhood and adolescence. Later outcomes are less clear, with some studies suggesting associations with depression or panic disorder. Studies that find broad associations between BI and anxiety proneness in general may be limited by the absence of information about parental psychopathology (an important potential confound associated with both BI and anxiety disorders in offspring). A critical area for further inquiry is the degree to which BI confers risk for social anxiety disorder in the absence of family history of anxiety disorders. Additionally, although progress has been made in identifying risk factors, protective factors, and treatments that may influence the course of BI and associated anxiety, more work is needed. Also, several exciting inroads have been made into the genetic and neurobiologic underpinnings of BI, and future studies promise greater elucidation of these areas. For now, the clinical take-home message is that preschool-age children presenting with extreme and persistent BI are at elevated risk for social anxiety disorder and possibly for other future disorders; preliminary evidence suggests that these children may be helped by early cognitive-behavioral intervention.

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“…Women who suffer from PPD experience feelings of inadequacy and hopelessness, which can often persist from months to years after childbirth. The damaging role that PPD plays in the mother-infant relationship may result in suboptimal cognitive and emotional development in the child, which can subsequently increase the risk of depression in the child into adolescence (Ramchandani et al, 2005;Murray and Cooper, 2003;Goodman et al, 1993;Downey and Coyne, 1990;Rahman et al, 2004;Sinclair and Murray, 1998;Moehler et al, 2007;Murray et al, 2011). Although psychosocial aspects of PPD are well researched, there is a dearth of biological investigations into the pathophysiology of this disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Glutamate Levels in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Patients with Postpartum Depression

McEwen

Burgess

Hanstock

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

103

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The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) is a key brain area in depressive symptomatology; specifically, glutamate (Glu) has been reported to play a significant role in major depression (MD) in this area. MPFC Glu levels are sensitive to ovarian hormone fluctuations and pregnancy and the postpartum period are associated with the most substantial physiological alterations of female hormones. It is therefore logical to measure MPFC Glu levels in women with postpartum depression (PPD). Using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at a field strength of 3 T, we acquired single-voxel spectra from the MPFC of 12 women with PPD and 12 healthy controls (HCs) matched for postpartum scan timing. Water-referenced MPFC Glu levels were measured using a MRS technique that allowed us to be specific for Glu with very little glutamine contamination. The concentrations of other water-quantified brain metabolites such as glycerophosphorylcholine plus phosphorylcholine, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and creatine plus phosphocreatine were measured in the same MR spectra. MPFC Glu levels were higher in women with PPD (7.21±1.20) compared to matched HCs (6.04±1.21). There were no differences between groups for other brain metabolites measured. These findings suggest an association between Glu dysregulation in the MPFC and PPD. Whether the pathophysiology of PPD differs from the pathophysiology of MD remains to be determined. Further investigations are needed to determine the chronological associations between the occurrence of symptoms of PPD and the onset of changes in MPFC Glu levels.

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Childhood Behavioral Inhibition and Maternal Symptoms of Depression

Cited by 56 publications

References 52 publications

Interactive coordination of currently depressed inpatient mothers and their infants during the postpartum period

Interactive coordination of currently depressed inpatient mothers and their infants during the postpartum period

Behavioral inhibition

Increased Glutamate Levels in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Patients with Postpartum Depression

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