Childhood cancer deaths in california-born twins.A further report on types of cancer found

Norris, Frank D.; Jackson, Edwin W.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197001)25:1<212::aid-cncr2820250130>3.0.co;2-g

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Two previous studies of twinship and childhood cancer have attempted to control for birth weight. One study assessed whether cancer occurred more often in the heavier twin, which was the case for leukemia but not all other cancer types combined (5, 9). Another found that there was a reduced incidence of childhood cancer overall in twins weighing below 3000g at birth and an excess in twins weighing 3000g or more (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Cancer among Twins and Higher Order Multiples

Puumala¹,

Carozza

Chow

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Although several studies have found no change or a decreased risk of childhood cancer in twins, few have controlled for potential confounders such as birth weight. We examined the association of birth plurality and childhood cancer in pooled data from five U.S. states (California, Minnesota, New York, Texas, and Washington) using linked birth-cancer registry data. The data, excluding children with Down syndrome or who died before 28 days of life, included 17,672 cases diagnosed from 1980 to 2004 at ages 28 days to 14 years and 57,966 controls with all cases and controls born from 1970 to 2004. Analyses were restricted to children weighing V4,000 g at birth. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for sex, gestational age, birth weight, birth order, maternal age, maternal race, state of birth, and birth year. Children who were multiples had no difference in risk of cancer overall (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.82-1.07), but a borderline reduced risk of Wilms' tumor (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.39-1.09). For children diagnosed <2 y of age there was a reduced risk of Wilms' tumor (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.09-0.86) and neuroblastoma (OR, 0.46; 95% CI,) and an increased risk of fibrosarcoma (OR, 5.81; 95% CI,). Higher-order multiple birth (triplets or higher) was not associated with childhood cancer. Our analysis suggests that mechanisms other than birth weight and gestational age may influence the lower risk of Wilms' tumor and neuroblastoma in multiple births. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(1):162-8)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Cancer among Twins and Higher Order Multiples

Puumala¹,

Carozza

Chow

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…We note also, however, that precisely the opposite results were obtained in a study of twins born in California, with a more substantial deficit among females than among males and little evidence of heterogeneity in the mortality rate ratio by age at observation. 3,4 The observed cancers were of the types usually seen among children, 26 but sample sizes were too small to permit the evaluation of possible differences in relative risk among specific types of cancer. SIRs for leukemia, the most common malignancy among children, were not greatly different from those for all other cancers combined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of childhood cancer in twins

Inskip

Harvey²,

Boice³

et al. 1991

Cancer Causes Control

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The incidence of childhood cancer in twins was evaluated by linking a roster of 30,925 twins born in Connecticut (United States) between 1930 and 1969 with the Connecticut Tumor Registry. Cancer, exclusive of nonmelanoma skin cancer, was identified in 19 females and 12 males under 15 years of age. The incidence rate among twins was 7.9 cancers per 100,000 person-years (PY) overall, and 9.7 and 6.1 per 100,000 PYs for females and males, respectively. Four of 13 leukemias occurred in two female twin pairs, representing concordance rates of 18 percent overall and 29 percent for like-sex pairs, which are somewhat higher than values reported previously. The number of cancers expected was computed on the assumption that twins experienced the same sex-, age-, and calendar time-specific cancer rates as recorded for all Connecticut-born children. Because active follow-up of individuals was not conducted, an adjustment to person-years of observation was made to account for childhood mortality, including the high perinatal mortality characteristic of twins. Childhood cancer was 30 percent less frequent than expected (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 0.7; 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.5-0.9), a deficit that is marginally greater than those found in previous studies. Both leukemia (SIR = 0.8; CI = 0.4-1.4), and all other cancers combined (SIR = 0.6; CI = 0.3-0.9) occurred less often than expected. The deficit was greater among males (SIR = 0.5; CI = 0.2-0.8) than among females (SIR = 0.9; CI = 0.5-1.4) and was especially pronounced among males younger than five years (SIR = 0.2; CI = 0.0-0.7). The data support the view that twins, particularly male twins, have a lower risk of childhood cancer than single-born children. Any added risk for twins associated with their greater frequency of exposure to prenatal X-rays appears to have been insufficient to offset an 'effect' of twinning per se. Possible explanations for this finding include (i) the low birthweight distribution of twins, or (ii) selective early mortality of twin fetuses or neonates who would otherwise have developed a clinical cancer.

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“…The zygosity of the three concordant cases was not clear; all three were same-sex twin pairs. A systematic study of childhood cancer deaths in California twins by Norris and Jackson [1970] uncovered five twin pairs, of which four were same-sex pairs, discordant for malignant neoplasms of the kidney. To provide a systematic assessment of twin concordance, we studied co-twins of Wilms tumor patients ascertained through the National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer in twins of Wilms tumor patients

1993

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We interviewed families of 71 patients registered in the National Wilms Tumor Study and identified as having a twin sibling. Questions concerning zygosity and the occurrence of congenital anomalies and other forms of cancer in the twins were asked. Of the 71 twin pairs, 35 were dizygotic, 31 were monozygotic, and 5 were of unknown zygosity. The only pair concordant for Wilms tumor was dizygotic, leading to a heritability estimate of zero. In a monozygotic pair, one twin was diagnosed with Wilms tumor and the other with medulloblastoma. The estimated relative risk of Wilms tumor and childhood cancer in the co-twin was 250 times and 10 times the population rate, respectively. Four discordant pairs had a family history of Wilms tumor, suggesting that the penetrance of the condition is not complete. Because of the small sample size, caution should be exercised in the interpretation of these results.

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Childhood cancer deaths in california-born twins.A further report on types of cancer found

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Childhood Cancer among Twins and Higher Order Multiples

Childhood Cancer among Twins and Higher Order Multiples

Incidence of childhood cancer in twins

Cancer in twins of Wilms tumor patients

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