Childhood dietary exposure of aflatoxins and fumonisins in Tanzania: A review

Toward Safe Food Systems: Analyses of Mycotoxin Contaminants in Food and Preventive Strategies Thereof for Their Formation and Toxicity

“…A study carried out to investigate the relationship between infant and young child growth and fumonisin exposure revealed that children with fumonisins intake of greater than the maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) were significantly shorter (1.3 cm) and lighter (328 g) compared with children whose fumonisin intake is less than the PMTDI [20]. Recently, children in Tanzania showed impaired growth, which is associated with exposure to fumonisns from maize [23]. Another study done in sorghum grown in different parts of Northern Uganda showed that 80% of all samples contained aflatoxins, 93% fumonisins, and 67% OTA.…”

Processing complementary foods to reduce mycotoxins in a medium scale Tanzanian mill: A hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) approach

“…Maize and groundnuts are important sources of dietary AF exposure in Tanzania and the larger East Africa region ( Boni et al, 2021 ; Kimanya et al, 2009 , 2010b ; Mollay et al, 2020 ; Mutegi et al, 2018 ; Mutiga et al, 2015 ). They are also major ingredients in the preparation of infant complementary foods in Tanzania ( Mollay et al, 2021 ; Ngure et al, 2023 ).…”

Main complementary food ingredients contributing to aflatoxin exposure to infants and young children in Kongwa, Tanzania

“…While several food products can be used as complementary foods (CFs), composite flours typically made from starchy staples such as rice, maize, sorghum, and wheat which are susceptible to contamination by AFs are the most accessible in developing countries (Alamu et al, 2018). To improve their nutritional value, cereal-based CFs are normally mixed with groundnuts which are also very susceptible to contamination by AFs (Magamba et al, 2017;Makori et al, 2019;Mollay et al, 2020).…”