Childhood drowning is a global concern

Brenner, Ruth A.

doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7345.1049

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Discussion Consistent with previous studies on child drowning (Brenner, 2002;Callaghan et al, 2010;Petrass, Blitvich, & Finch, 2011), our findings indicate that a lapse in, or lack of, supervision is a key contributing factor to child drowning deaths in public pools with a lack of supervision a contributor in almost all (92%) cases. While coroners reported a lack of supervision as a key contributor in the circumstances associated with the drowning, our analysis identified that few recommendations related to supervision.…”

Section: Educationsupporting

confidence: 81%

Understanding Contributing Factors to Child Drownings in Public Pools in Australia: a Review of National Coronial Records

Petrass¹,

Blitvich²

2016

IJARE

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This study examined the incidence and circumstances associated with child drowning in public pools in Australia; and identified the frequency and nature of coroners' recommendations. Retrospective case-series analysis of child (aged 0-10 years) unintentional drowning deaths in public pools were conducted based on Coronial data. A total of 12 child drownings were identified. A lack of supervision was recognized as the key contributing factor in 92% of cases, with the caregiver responsible for multiple children (83%); older children supervising younger children (17%); and a busy pool environment (25%) consistently linked with in-adequate supervision. To address drownings in public pools it is essential that coroner recommendations reach 1) aquatic centres so they can improve their practices; and 2) aquatic stakeholders so that strategies can be developed. Strategies that highlight techniques to assist caregivers responsible for multiple children and how best to provide supervision in a busy pool environment should be a focus.

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Section: Educationsupporting

confidence: 81%

Understanding Contributing Factors to Child Drownings in Public Pools in Australia: a Review of National Coronial Records

Petrass¹,

Blitvich²

2016

IJARE

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“…20 Drowning is a significant cause of childhood death in many parts of the world. 21 It is estimated that almost half a million deaths were caused by drowning worldwide in 2000, and over half of them involved children aged less than 15 years. 22 Drowning was the second leading cause of injury deaths, only exceeded by road traffic crash related deaths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in childhood injury mortality in Canada, 1979–2002

Pan

Ugnat²,

Semenciw³

et al. 2006

Inj Prev

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Objective:To examine national trends in mortality rates for injuries among Canadian children younger than 15 years in 1979–2002.Methods:Data on injury deaths were obtained from the Canadian Vital Statistics system at Statistics Canada. Injuries were classified using the codes for external cause of injury and poisoning (E-codes) by intent and by mechanism. Mortality rates were age adjusted to the 1990 world standard population. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate the secular trends.Results:Annual mortality rates for total and unintentional injuries declined substantially (from 23.8 and 21.7 in 1979 to 7.2 and 5.8 in 2002, respectively), whereas suicide deaths among children aged 10–14 showed an increasing trend. All Canadian provinces and territories showed a decreasing trend in mortality rates of total injuries. Motor vehicle related injuries were the most common cause of injury deaths (accounted for an average of 36.4% of total injury deaths), followed by suffocation (14.3%), drowning (13.5%), and burning (11.1%); however, suffocation was the leading cause for infants. The number of potential years of life lost due to injury before age 75 decreased from 89 343 in 1979 to 27 948 in 2002 for children aged 0–14 years.Conclusions:During the period 1979–2002, there were dramatic decreases in childhood mortality for total injuries and unintentional injuries as well as various degrees of reduction for all causes of injury except suffocation in children aged 10–14 years and drowning in infants. The reason for the reduction in injury mortality might be multifactoral.

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“…To reduce drowning rates by 10% to 1.1% per 100 000 by 2020, a goal set by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, expansion of evidence-based programmes in conjunction with system changes is recommended 12. Recent studies have suggested that drowning can be effectively reduced through evidence-based water safety programmes, including swimming lessons and health education 13 14. Knowing how to swim is a life-saving skill, with instruction particularly needed for minority populations, which have traditionally been neglected in this regard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%