Childhood food insufficiency and adulthood cardiometabolic health conditions among a population-based sample of older adults in Puerto Rico

McClain, Amanda C.; Cory, Hannah; Mattei, Josiemer

doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101066

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Two institutional level factors were recently highlighted as important mediators of cardiovascular disease risk: food insecurity and adverse childhood experiences [68,69]. Food insecurity and malnutrition have reached a critical stage worldwide, according to the WHO 2021 report and are associated with the development of childhood obesity and cardiometabolic disease in adults [70][71][72][73]. However, the relationship between food insecurity and cardiovascular disease risk in youth with obesity is inconsistent.…”

Section: Social Determinants Of Health Childhood Obesity and Cardiova...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Chung

Krenek

Magge

2023

Curr Atheroscler Rep

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Purpose of Review The global epidemic of youth-onset obesity is tightly linked to the rising burden of cardiometabolic disease across the lifespan. While the link between childhood obesity and cardiovascular disease is established, this contemporary review summarizes recent and novel advances in this field that elucidate the mechanisms and impact of this public health issue. Recent Findings The review highlights the emerging data supporting the relationship between childhood adverse events, social determinants of health, and systemic and institutional systems as etiological factors. We also provide updates on new screening and treatment approaches including updated nutrition and dietary guidelines and benchmarks for pediatric obesity screening, novel pharmacological agents for pediatric obesity and type 2 diabetes such as glucagon-like 1 peptide receptor agonists, and we discuss the long-term safety and efficacy data on surgical management of pediatric obesity. Summary The global burden of pediatric obesity continues to rise and is associated with accelerated and early vascular aging especially in youth with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Socio-ecological determinants of risk mediate and moderate the relationship of childhood obesity with cardiometabolic disease. Recognizing the importance of neighborhood level influences as etiological factors in the development of cardiovascular disease is critical for designing effective policies and interventions. Novel surgical and pharmacological interventions are effective pediatric weight-loss interventions, but future research is needed to assess whether these agents, within a socio-ecological framework, will be associated with abatement of the pediatric obesity epidemic and related increased cardiovascular disease risk. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Social Determinants Of Health Childhood Obesity and Cardiova...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Chung

Krenek

Magge

2023

Curr Atheroscler Rep

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“…96 Household food insecurity in childhood has been linked to multiple risk factors for CMD later in life, including hypertension, T2D, and obesity, as well as earlier onset of clinical CVD. 97 Among children and adults, cyclic periods of varying food intake can lead to alternating weight gain and weight loss, 20,96,98 most often associated with overweight and also the potential to induce eating disorders such as binge eating. 99,100 Prior experience of food insecurity is associated with higher intake of refined carbohydrates which impacts risk for obesity, insulin resistance, and higher triglycerides/HDL (high-density lipoprotein) ratio.…”

Section: Question Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and Food and Nutrition Insecurity and Cardiometabolic Disease

Brandt

Mozaffarian

Leung

et al. 2023

Circulation Research

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Poor nutrition is the leading cause of poor health, health care spending, and lost productivity in the United States and globally, which acts through cardiometabolic diseases as precursors to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other conditions. There is great interest in how the social determinants of health (the conditions in which people are born, live, work, develop, and age) impact cardiometabolic disease. Food insecurity is an example of a powerful social determinant of health that impacts health outcomes. Nutrition insecurity, a distinct but related concept to food insecurity, is a direct determinant of health. In this article, we provide an overview of how diet in early life relates to cardiometabolic disease and then continue to focus on the concepts of food insecurity and nutrition insecurity. In the discussions herein we make important distinctions between the concepts of food insecurity and nutrition insecurity and provide a review of their concepts, histories, measurement and assessment devices, trends and prevalence, and links to health and health disparities. The discussions here set the stage for future research and practice to directly address the negative consequences of food and nutrition insecurity.

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“…Measuring food insecurity through household food insecurity (HFI) experience-based measurement scales continues to be the method of choice to assess food insecurity globally, compared to other methods like household expenditure surveys or dietary intake assessments (3). In adults worldwide, HFI has been associated with chronic diseases such as diabetes (4)(5)(6), hypertension (7) and overweight (8). In women and adults in low-income households, there is robust evidence of an association between HFI and malnutrition globally (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for household food insecurity in the Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network cohort study

Martinez-Brockman,

Hromi-Fiedler,

Galusha

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundGlobally, 1.3 billion people were considered food insecure as of 2022. In the Caribbean region, the prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity was 71.3% as of 2020, the highest of all subregions in Latin America. Experienced based measurement scales, like the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale, are efficient measurement tools of food insecurity used globally. The Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network (ECHORN) Cohort Study is a population-based longitudinal cohort study in the two Caribbean U.S. territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, as well as in Barbados and Trinidad & Tobago. The purpose of this research was to examine the demographic, psychosocial, behavioral, and environmental risk factors associated with household food insecurity (HFI) among adults ≥40 years of age in the ECHORN cohort.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of baseline ECHORN cohort study data was conducted. The primary outcome was household food insecurity (none, mild, moderate/severe). A total of 16 known and potential risk factors were examined for their association with HFI. The ANOVA and chi-square statistics were used in bivariate analysis. Ordinal logistic regression was used for the multivariable and sex stratified analyses.ResultsMore than one-quarter of the sample (27.3%) experienced HFI. In bivariate analyses, all risk factors examined except for sex, were significantly associated with HFI status. In the multivariable analysis, all variables except sex, education, marital status, smoking status, and residing in Puerto Rico were significant predictors of HFI in the adjusted model. In sex stratified analysis, depression, food availability, self-rated physical health, and island site were significantly associated with increased odds of worsening HFI for women, but not for men. Source of potable water was an important risk factor for both men and women.DiscussionThe prevalence of HFI in the ECHORN cohort study is comparable to other studies conducted in the region. While women did not have an increased risk of HFI compared to men, a different set of risk factors affected their vulnerability to HFI. More research is needed to understand how water and food security are interrelated in the ECHORN cohort.

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Childhood food insufficiency and adulthood cardiometabolic health conditions among a population-based sample of older adults in Puerto Rico

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Childhood Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Childhood Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Diet and Food and Nutrition Insecurity and Cardiometabolic Disease

Risk factors for household food insecurity in the Eastern Caribbean Health Outcomes Research Network cohort study

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