Childhood Injuries in Singapore: Can Local Physicians and the Healthcare System Do More to Confront This Public Health Concern?

Ong, Alvin Cong Wei; Low, Sher Guan; Vasanwala, Farhad Fakhrudin

doi:10.3390/ijerph13070718

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In studies involving pediatric patients, it has been reported that most of the patients are male and that the severity of trauma increases with the advancing age. [16,17] Ong et al [18] have attributed this to high-risk behaviors that are common in male children. Compatible with the literature, we found that the number of male children with TBI was higher, the age of these patients was higher than others, and the incidence of TBI was higher in boys in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Concordance of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurements with the Clinical Course in Children with Traumatic Head Injury

Kavak¹

2020

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg

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BACKGROUND: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is of profound importance concerning prognosis and treatment among children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Measurements of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) are one of the methods recommended for ICP monitoring. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the correlation of ONSD change in brain computed tomography (CT) with pediatric Glasgow Coma Score (pGCS) in the follow-up of pediatric cases with TBI, and also to evaluate the usability of the ONSD, which is the indicator of ICP. METHODS:The data of 921 pediatric patients who were admitted to the emergency department with head injury between January 2016 and January 2018 were retrospectively evaluated in this study. Age, gender, trauma type, brain CT finding, pGCS, type of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and isolated skull fracture (ISF) were investigated. The patients were evaluated in three groups based on CT findings: (i) patients with parenchymal brain injury, (ii) patients with ISF, and (iii) patients with normal brain CT results. The measurements of ONSD were performed using CT. Whether the ONSD measurement results of the patients were compatible with the clinical data was investigated. RESULTS:The median age of the patients was 36 months (interquartile range [IQR] = 64) and 64.2% were male. The ONSD values and pGCSs of the patients with parenchymal injury were found to be significantly higher than patients with ISF and normal brain CT findings (p<0.05). The pGCSs showed a significant negative correlation with the first and second measurement results of ONSD (p<0.05). In groups undergoing control brain CT, ONSD levels in the second brain CT were found to be significantly high (p<0.05). CONCLUSION:In the clinical follow-up, ONSD measurements are reliable and significant parameters when evaluated with brain CT findings and pGCSs. We think that repeated ONSD measurements will be useful in determining possible adverse effects of secondary injury, as well as in determining the severity of the trauma during admission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Concordance of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurements with the Clinical Course in Children with Traumatic Head Injury

Kavak¹

2020

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg

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“…The most effective way to prevent falls at home is through structural home modifications (e.g. eliminating steps, covering the floor with non-slip material, installing handrails on stairs, and enclosed balconies) [51,52]. According to a study in New Zealand by Keall M. et al (2015) [53], the average cost of securing a home to prevent falls is around 830 dollars (USD).…”

Section: Falls In the Home Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Falls – the socio-economic and medical aspects important for developing prevention and treatment strategies

Mikoś¹,

Trybulska²,

Czerw

2021

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction.Although falls occur extremely frequently, they are still one of the least investigated causes of death. According to the World Health Organization, around 37.3 million falls occur globally every year resulting in the deaths of over 660,000 adults and almost 30,000 children.Objective. The aim of this review is to evaluate the most up-to-date and comprehensive knowledge on falls and their consequences, especially in populations at the highest risk of fatal falls. Brief description of state of knowledge. Currently, there is a limited amount of literature which analyzes falls. Falls affect all age groups, but their location, cause, and severity vary among different populations. Individuals who are particularly at risk of falling at home include younger children and the elderly. Research indicates that falls are one of the main causes of work-related injuries and deaths, especially those occurring at significant heights. Falls in the home environment are the second most common cause of death in over 33% of accidents and the main cause of injury in 41.2% of accidents. During patient hospitalizations, falls generate additional burdens and costs on the healthcare system. Conclusions. This review elaborated on the nature of falls in different populations and analyzed the influence falls have on the healthcare system, in society, and on the economy. This knowledge is particularly important in an aging society, which will inevitably face increasing problems due to falls in the near future. As the emphasis on falls increases, leaders and lawmakers will be pushed to establish individualized prevention measures, as described in this review, for specific risk groups to effectively prevent falls and their consequences.

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“…Approximately 80% (3.9 million) of the 5 million deaths caused by injuries each year (or injuries) are unintentional injuries 2 .Injuries were the cause of 364,824 children deaths in 2015, according to the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) data source 3 .Children under the age of 5 experience the majority of unintentional injuries in and around the house, where they spend the majority of their time 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Causing Unintentional Home Injuries in Children Under 5 Years of Age Presenting to Emergency Department of Ziauddin University Hospital

Khan¹,

Aiman²,

Ehsan³

et al. 2022

PJMHS

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Objective: To determine the predisposing factors contributing to unintentional home injuries in children under 5 years of age presenting to Emergency department of Ziauddin medical university and hospital, Karachi Place and duration of study: The study is conducted at Department of Emergency, Ziauddin Medical University and Hospital, Karachi And the duration of study is 13th October 2019 To 12th April 2020. It is a cross-sectional study design having having 200 patients, in which non-probability consecutive sampling technique is used. Material and Method: There were 200 patients in total with Injuries that happened at home environment. Mothers participated in an interview. After each child received the recommended care, data were gathered.Calculated descriptive statistics were used. Stratification was used to manage effect modifiers. The chi-square test was used after stratification. P-values lower than 0.05 were regarded as significant. Results: There were 46% male and 54% female patients. Mean age was 35.02±13.79 months. Most of the children were injured >3 times in last one month. 57% patients were found with injury due to falling down while most of the injuries (32.5%) were occurred at stairs. In our study, 39% of children caused injury due to lack of care, 11.5% due to availability of hazardous material and 49.5% due to unsafe home environment. Practical implications: From the standpoint of injury prevention, this study suggests that the risk of non-fatal injury in children under the age of five is complicated and multidimensional, and that effective prevention measures must target numerous components. To effectively increase children's comprehension of the safety issue and lower their risk of hazard, health care providers, parents, or both should design alternative strategic teaching methods. Conclusion: Most prevalent cause of injury was falling down. 39% children injured due to lack of care, 11.5% due to availability of hazardous material and 49.5% due to unsafe home environment. Keywords: Unintentional Home injuries, Children, predisposing factors, falling down, Injuries

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Childhood Injuries in Singapore: Can Local Physicians and the Healthcare System Do More to Confront This Public Health Concern?

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

The Concordance of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurements with the Clinical Course in Children with Traumatic Head Injury

The Concordance of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurements with the Clinical Course in Children with Traumatic Head Injury

Falls – the socio-economic and medical aspects important for developing prevention and treatment strategies

Risk Factors Causing Unintentional Home Injuries in Children Under 5 Years of Age Presenting to Emergency Department of Ziauddin University Hospital

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