Childhood intestinal parasitic infection and sanitation predictors in rural Dembiya, northwest Ethiopia

Beyene

et al. 2019

Preprint

20 Background: Intestinal parasitic infection affects 3.5 billion people in the world and mostly 21 affecting the low socio-economic groups. The objectives of this research were to estimate the 22 prevalence and determinants of intestinal parasitic infection among family members of known 23 intestinal parasite infected patients. 24 Methods and materials: A comparative cross-sectional study design was implemented in the 25 urban and rural settings of mecha district. The data were collected from August 2017 to March 26 2019 from intestinal parasitic infected patient household members. Epi-info software was used to 27 calculate the sample size, 4531 household members were estimated to be included. Data were 28 collected using interview technique and colleting stool samples from each household contact of 29 intestinal parasite patients. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the prevalence of 30 intestinal parasites among known contacts of intestinal parasites patients/family members. 31 Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinant factors of intestinal parasitic 32 infection among family members. 33 Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasite among household contacts of parasite-infected 34 family members was 86.14 % [95% CI: 86.14 % -87.15 %]. Hookworm parasitic infection was 35 the predominant type of infection (18.8%). Intestinal parasitic infection was associated with sex, 36 environmental sanitation, source of water, habit of playing with domestic animals, the presence 37 of chicken in the house, the presence of household water filtering materials, overcrowding, 38 personal hygiene, residence, and substandard house, role in the household, source of light for the 39 house, floor materials, trimmed fingernails, family size, regular hand washing practice, barefoot. 3 40 Conclusion: The prevalence of intestinal parasites was high among household contacts of 41 primary confirmed cases. 42 Key words: intestinal parasite, contact screening, secondary attack rate, household members. 43 Introduction 44 Intestinal parasites are groups of worm's primary affecting the gastrointestinal tracts broadly 45 contains flatworms (tapeworms and flukes) and roundworms( ascariasis, pinworm, and 46 hookworm infections)[1]. The mode of transmission includes ingestion of uncooked animal 47 products, consuming infected water, absorption through the skin and fecal-oral [2]. 48 Predominantly intestinal parasitic infection transmitted through feco-oral route [3]. That means 49 all family members living in intestinal positive patients at higher risk of acquiring the infection. 50 A patient infected with intestinal parasite manifests with abdominal cramp, vomiting, excessive 51 bowl sound, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, malabsorption, skin itching [4]. Due to 52 unspecified symptoms, the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infection usually performed by taking 53 stool samples and applying different laboratory techniques, concentration technique is more 54 valid than the other laboratory techniques [5]. 55 Intes...

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Intestinal parasitic infection among household contacts of primary cases, a comparative cross-sectional study

Beyene

et al. 2019

Preprint

“…Environmental sanitation decreases the odds of intestinal parasitic infection by 96% during childhood, and by 82% during adulthood. This finding agrees with finding from other parts of Ethiopia [26]. This is because environmental sanitation eliminates the reservoir for intestinal parasitic infection which finally blocks the infectious cycle of the parasites [27].…”

Section: Intestinal Parasitic Infection Among Childrensupporting

confidence: 92%

Intestinal parasitic infection among household contacts of primary cases, a comparative cross-sectional study

Beyene

Feleke³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

Background Intestinal parasitic infection affects 3.5 billion people in the world and mostly affecting the low socioeconomic groups. The objectives of this research works were to estimate the prevalence and determinants of intestinal parasitic infection among family members of known intestinal parasite infected patients. Methods and materials A comparative cross-sectional study design was implemented in the urban and rural settings of Mecha district. The data were collected from August 2017toMarch 2019 from intestinal parasite infected patient household members. Epi-info software was used to calculate the sample size, 4531 household members were estimated to be included. Data were collected using interview technique, and collecting stool samples from each household contact of intestinal parasite patients. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among known contacts of intestinal parasite patients/family members. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinant factors of intestinal parasitic infection among family members. Results The prevalence of intestinal parasite among household contacts of intestinal parasiteinfected family members was 86.14% [95% CI: 86.14%-87.15%]. Hookworm infection was the predominant type of infection (18.8%). Intestinal parasitic infection was associated with sex, environmental sanitation, overcrowding, personal hygiene, residence, substandard house, role in the household, source of light for the house, trimmed fingernails, family size, regular handwashing practice. Protozoa infection was associated with habit of ingesting raw vegetable, playing with domestic animals, water source and the presence of household water filtering materials.

“…In Ethiopia, prevalence varies across the regions in the country. For instance, the prevalence was 85.1% in Wondo Genet (Southern region) [14], 48.1% in Aynalem village (Tigray region) [15], 17.4% in Debre Birhan (Amhara region) [16], 26.6% in Hawassa (Southern region) [17], 24.3% in Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (Oromia region) [18], 18.7% in Woreta (Amhara region) [19], 25.6% in Dembiya (Amhara region) [20] and 41.1% in Jimma town (Oromia region) [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of intestinal parasitic infections in preschool and school-aged Ethiopian children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

Background: Numerous studies have been carried out on assessing the prevalence of intestinal parasites infections (IPIs) amongpreschool and school-age children in Ethiopia, but there is lack of study systematically gathered and analyzedinformation for policymakers. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide a summary on prevalence, geographical distribution and trends of IPIs among preschool and school-age childrenin Ethiopia. Methods: The search were carried out in Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 1996to July2019 for studies describing prevalence of IPIs among preschooland school-age children. We conducted meta-regression to understand the trends and the source of heterogeneity and pooled the prevalence using 'metaprop' command using STATA software version 14. Results: Eighty-three(83) studies examining 56,786 fecal specimens were included. The prevalence of IPIs was 48%(95%CI: 42 to 53%) and showedsignificantly decreasing trends 17% (95% CI: 2.5 to 32%) for each consecutive 6 years) and was similar in males and females. The pooled prevalence in years 1997-2002, 2003-2008, 2009-2014 and > 2014 was 71% (95% CI: 57 to 86%), 42% (95% CI: 27 to 56%), 48% (95% CI: 40 to 56%) and 42% (95% CI: 34 to 49%), respectively. Poly-parasitism was observed in 16% (95% CI: 13 to 19%,) of the cases. Conclusion: Intestinal parasite infections are highly prevalent among preschool and school-age children and well distributed across the regional states of Ethiopia. Southern and Amhara regional states carry the highest burden. We observed significant decreasing trends in prevalence of IPIs among preschool and school-ageEthiopian children over the last two decades. Therefore, this study is important to locate the geographical distribution and identified high risk areas that should be prioritized further interventions, which complement global efforts towards elimination of IPIs infections by 2020.