Childhood lead poisoning: an overview

Hon, KL; Fung, CK; Leung, Alexander K. C

doi:10.12809/hkmj176214

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Succimer (dimercaptosuccinic acid) is an oral chelating agent and calcium disodium edentate (calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) can be given by continuous intravenous infusion in high BLL cases. [35][36][37][38]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Lead Levels in Children Living Near an Informal Lead Battery Recycling Workshop in Patna, Bihar

Ansari

Mahdi

Malik³

et al. 2020

Journal of Health and Pollution

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Background. Lead can cause significant biological and neurologic damage, even at small concentrations, and young children are at higher risk. Informal recycling of lead batteries and lead-based workshops/industries have increased the burden of lead toxicity in developing countries, including India. Many informal recycling lead battery workshops have been established by the local people of Patna, Bihar as self-employment opportunities. However, most of the residents are not aware of the risk factors associated with lead poisoning. Objectives. The present pilot study aimed to assess blood lead levels (BLLs) and hemoglobin levels among children aged between 3 to 12 years in the settlement of Karmalichak near Patna, India. Materials and Methods. Children residing near the informal lead battery manufacturing unit were selected for BLL assessment. A total of 41 children were enrolled in the questionnairebased survey. Results. All the children in the present study had detectable lead concentrations in their blood. Only 9% of the studied children had a BLL ≤5 µg/dl, while 91% children had a BLL above >5 µg/dl. Conclusions. The present study carried out in children of Karmalichak region of Patna, India was an attempt to better understand the problem of lead toxicity, describe the epidemiology of its adverse effects, identify sources and routes of exposure, illustrate the clinical effects and develop strategies of prevention so that remedial measures may be taken by government agencies and regulatory bodies. In view of the high lead levels in children in the study area, attempts are being made to develop strategies for future prevention by relocating the informal battery recycling workshops from the area. Moreover, parents have been advised to increase nutritional supplementation of children by providing calcium-, iron-and zinc-rich foods, including milk and vegetables.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Lead Levels in Children Living Near an Informal Lead Battery Recycling Workshop in Patna, Bihar

Ansari

Mahdi

Malik³

et al. 2020

Journal of Health and Pollution

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“…Despite these improvements, Pb remains a public health hazard and additional precautionary measures are needed [3,4]. Exposure occurs when particles containing Pb are ingested or inhaled [5]. As a dangerous neurotoxin impacting human development, children and pregnant women are especially vulnerable to exposure [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a dangerous neurotoxin impacting human development, children and pregnant women are especially vulnerable to exposure [6]. However, the toxin impacts every organ of the body and even low levels of exposure are linked to chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease [5,[7][8][9]. In fact, health organizations including the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the European Food Safety Authority have concluded that there is no safe or "nontoxic" blood lead level [5,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Risk and Intentions to Practice Health Protective Behaviors in a Mining-Impacted Region

Cooper

Langman

Sarathchandra

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Effective risk communication strategies are critical to reducing lead exposure in mining-impacted communities. Understanding the strength of the associations between perceived risk and individuals’ behavioral intentions to protect their health is important for developing these strategies. We conducted a survey within three communities of northern Idaho, USA (n = 306) in or near a Superfund Megasite with legacy mining contamination. Survey data were used to test a theoretical model based on the Health Belief Model. Respondents had higher intentions to practice health protective behaviors when they perceived the risk of lead contamination as severe and recognized the benefits of practicing health protective behaviors. Women reported higher behavioral intentions than men, but age and mining affiliation were not significantly associated with behavioral intentions. Although managing lead hazards in communities impacted by mining is challenging due to widely distributed contamination, effective health risk messages, paired with remediation, are powerful tools to protect the health and safety of residents.

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“…Lead or copper concentrations above their respective drinking water action levels indicate potential corrosion issues, possibly because of changing water quality. Moreover, lead exposure can result in acute (Hon et al 2017) and chronic (NTP 2012) health effects. Lead testing can indicate short‐term or extended exposure to higher lead concentrations during the pandemic.…”

Section: Increased Monitoring During Social Distancingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consider How Social Distancing Policies Can Affect Drinking Water Infrastructure Performance

Faust¹,

Katz²,

Kirisits³

et al. 2021

Journal AWWA

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I n response to the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing policies (SDPs) have been implemented in communities worldwide. By design, these policies have caused massive changes in our behavior as families shelter at home and industry and commerce pause or reduce operations. These changes have altered water consumption patterns, and in some cases they have likely degraded the drinking water quality in distribution systems. Although some drinking water utilities have the resources to discover and mitigate any potential negative effects, many do not have the capacity to implement testing protocols beyond regulatory requirements. SDPs and Water Quality Drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) are designed for a given range of operational conditions (Faust & Kaminsky 2018). However, a DWDS might be operating outside of those design conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic because SDPs are driving significant changes in water use. Although residential water demand is expected to increase when SDPs are in force, this might be offset by a sharp decrease in nonresidential water consumption, which typically accounts for more than half of all water consumption. Such changes in water use create zones with reduced flow/velocity, water stagnation, and increased water age. Increased water age can result in decreased disinfectant residuals (Wang et al. 2012) and conditions that promote growth of microorganisms, such as pathogenic Legionella spp. (Waak et al. 2018). Proactive monitoring in a DWDS could be used to trigger operational changes to mitigate these consequences. However, some utilities might not have the financial, workforce, or instrumentation resources needed to monitor in real time and beyond regulatory requirements. The following guidance outlines ways in which SDPs could affect water infrastructure and provides some suggestions for monitoring DWDSs. This discussion is intended primarily to aid resource-limited utilities that are responding to substantial changes in water use caused Layout imagery by Michael Vi/Shutterstock.com

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Childhood lead poisoning: an overview

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Blood Lead Levels in Children Living Near an Informal Lead Battery Recycling Workshop in Patna, Bihar

Blood Lead Levels in Children Living Near an Informal Lead Battery Recycling Workshop in Patna, Bihar

Perceived Risk and Intentions to Practice Health Protective Behaviors in a Mining-Impacted Region

Consider How Social Distancing Policies Can Affect Drinking Water Infrastructure Performance

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