Childhood Levels of Serum Apolipoproteins B and A-I Predict Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Brachial Endothelial Function in Adulthood

Juonala, Markus; Viikari, Jorma; Kähönen, Mika; Solakivi, Tiina; Helenius, Hans; Jula, Antti; Marniemi, Jukka; Taittonen, Leena; Laitinen, Tomi; Nikkari, T.; Raitakari, Olli T.

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.03.054

Cited by 137 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Apo B and apo A-1 levels and their ratio are possibly superior to TC, HDLC and LDLC levels in terms of predicting CVD (Estonius and Kallner, 2005;Kallner and Estonius, 2006). Although there are limited data regarding the association between childhood apo B/apo A-1 ratios and long-term effects on CVD risk, they are suggested to have high predictive value in paediatric risk assessments (Frontini et al, 2008;Juonala et al, 2008). Tracking of serum lipids in Swedish children has not been reported previously, but our results are in agreement with the Finnish STRIP study (Rask-Nissila et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in 4-year-old children are associated with parental levels and track over time

et al. 2011

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Background/Objectives: There are only a few studies linking dietary fat intake to serum lipid levels in young children. Our objective was to prospectively evaluate serum lipid levels from infancy to early childhood, and to explore their possible association with dietary, growth and parental factors. Subjects/Methods: Children (n ¼ 127) followed from early infancy were examined for serum lipid levels, anthropometry and dietary intake at 4 years of age. We also studied possible associations with parental anthropometric and blood biochemistry data collected from 122 mothers' and 118 fathers' when children were 4 years of age. Results: Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-1 ratio (apo B/apo A-1) showed significant tracking from infancy to 4 years. Furthermore, children's TC levels correlated with paternal TC level from 6 months to 4 years, but with maternal only at 4 years. In girls, both LDLC and HDLC correlated with parental LDLC and HDLC. In all children, intake of saturated fatty acids (SAFAs) was higher than recommended, and in 90% of the children polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake was lower than recommended. Conclusions: Serum lipid levels values tracked from infancy to 4 years and were associated with parental values. Higher serum lipid levels at 4 years compared with 6-18 months of age may result from changes in the quality of dietary fat. We therefore suggest that intake of dietary fat in 4-year-old children should be more focused on quality. Furthermore, as there were strong associations between the child and parental serum lipid levels this supports the view that family-based rather than individual intervention is preferable.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in 4-year-old children are associated with parental levels and track over time

et al. 2011

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“…[9][10][11][12] We did not find an association between serum non-HDL cholesterol concentration and the dietary intake subscore of the NutriSTEP questionnaire, which is consistent with other studies involving young children that have shown an association between eating behaviours (e.g., bottle use) and iron deficiency outcomes that were independent of dietary intake (e.g., milk volume). [21][22][23] These results raise the possibility that eating behaviours are more closely related to health outcomes than dietary intake.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…10,11 The Bogalusa Heart Study, which included a subgroup of children aged 2-15 years, found an association between lowdensity lipo protein (LDL) cholesterol concentration (which is highly correlated with non-HDL cholesterol) and asymptomatic atherosclerosis at autopsy. 12 The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends non-HDL cholesterol concentration as the key measure for screening for cardiovascular risk in children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between serum cholesterol and eating behaviours during early childhood: a cross-sectional study

Persaud

Maguire

Lebovic

et al. 2013

CMAJ

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“…However, the apoB/apoA-I ratio was not a better discriminatory factor between cases and controls than the total/HDL cholesterol ratio, and added little predictive power to the Framingham equation. 39 Recently, the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study 40 has demonstrated that the apoB/apoA-I ratio measured in adolescence was higher than LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio in predicting increased carotid intima-media thickness in adulthood.…”

Section: Predictive Power Of Lipoprotein Ratios For Cardiovascular Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipoprotein ratios: Physiological significance and clinical usefulness in cardiovascular prevention

Millán

Pintó²,

Muñoz³

et al. 2009

VHRM

316

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Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration has been the prime index of cardiovascular disease risk and the main target for therapy. However, several lipoprotein ratios or "atherogenic indices" have been defined in an attempt to optimize the predictive capacity of the lipid profile. In this review, we summarize their pathophysiological aspects, and highlight the rationale for using these lipoprotein ratios as cardiovascular risk factors in clinical practice, specifying their cut-off risk levels and a target for lipid-lowering therapy. Total/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratios are risk indicators with greater predictive value than isolated parameters used independently, particularly LDL. Future recommendations regarding the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia, including instruments for calculating cardiovascular risk or action guidelines, should include the lipoprotein ratios with greater predictive power which, in view of the evidence-based results, are none other than those which include HDL cholesterol.

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Childhood Levels of Serum Apolipoproteins B and A-I Predict Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Brachial Endothelial Function in Adulthood

Abstract: Apolipoproteins B and A-I measured in children and adolescents reflect a lipoprotein profile predisposing to the development of subclinical atherosclerosis in adulthood. These markers might have value in pediatric lipid risk assessment.

Cited by 137 publications

References 41 publications

Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in 4-year-old children are associated with parental levels and track over time

Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in 4-year-old children are associated with parental levels and track over time

Association between serum cholesterol and eating behaviours during early childhood: a cross-sectional study

Lipoprotein ratios: Physiological significance and clinical usefulness in cardiovascular prevention

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