Childhood Malnutrition and Postwar Reconstruction in Rural El Salvador

Brentlinger, Paula E.; Hernán, Miguel A.; Hernández–Dı́az, Sonia; Azaroff, Lenore S.; McCall, Maureen A.

doi:10.1001/jama.281.2.184

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Similarly, two (26,38) of the four studies that assessed the association between undernutrition and the source of water (a strong socioeconomic indicator) reported a significant association. Further, although most studies focused on rural households (inclusion criteria), five studies investigated the discrepancies between urban and rural.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Four (26,38,39,47) of the nine studies (7 of the 15 studies and two supporting studies) that assessed the association between maternal education and childhood undernutrition reported a significant association. Similarly, two (26,38) of the four studies that assessed the association between undernutrition and the source of water (a strong socioeconomic indicator) reported a significant association.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Agricultural variables mainly included cultivated land area and were reported in five of the 15 studies (33%) and in three of the four supporting studies. Although farm size <2 ha was found to be a significant factor in El Salvador (38), it was reported as insignificant in Rwanda (42). Three studies reported that landlessness, damaged plot size, the distribution of available plot size for crops, and the number of livestock played more significant roles than the farm size itself (12,41,47).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies were conducted between 1973 and 2008, with the majority covering the period 1998-2006. Four additional studies (38)(39)(40)(41) examined the link between agricultural variables such as crop yields and undernutrition without explicit assessments of weather variables and therefore are included in the supporting text but not in the tables.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kigutha et al (51) also did not observe significant fluctuations in weight or height between lean and postharvest seasons and attributed improved postharvest WAZ to the type of food consumed. The type of crop grown and the variety in crop rotations also were reported as important determinants of the impacts of crop yields on undernutrition in El Salvador (49) and Papua New Guinea (38).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Systematic review of current efforts to quantify the impacts of climate change on undernutrition

Phalkey

Aranda-Jan

Marx

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

197

159

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Malnutrition is a challenge to the health and productivity of populations and is viewed as one of the five largest adverse health impacts of climate change. Nonetheless, systematic evidence quantifying these impacts is currently limited. Our aim was to assess the scientific evidence base for the impact of climate change on childhood undernutrition (particularly stunting) in subsistence farmers in low-and middle-income countries. A systematic review was conducted to identify peer-reviewed and gray full-text documents in English with no limits for year of publication or study design. Fifteen manuscripts were reviewed. Few studies use primary data to investigate the proportion of stunting that can be attributed to climate/ weather variability. Although scattered and limited, current evidence suggests a significant but variable link between weather variables, e.g., rainfall, extreme weather events (floods/droughts), seasonality, and temperature, and childhood stunting at the household level (12 of 15 studies, 80%). In addition, we note that agricultural, socioeconomic, and demographic factors at the household and individual levels also play substantial roles in mediating the nutritional impacts. Comparable interdisciplinary studies based on primary data at a household level are urgently required to guide effective adaptation, particularly for rural subsistence farmers. Systemization of data collection at the global level is indispensable and urgent. We need to assimilate data from long-term, high-quality agricultural, environmental, socioeconomic, health, and demographic surveillance systems and develop robust statistical methods to establish and validate causal links, quantify impacts, and make reliable predictions that can guide evidence-based health interventions in the future.climate change | weather variability | malnutrition | childhood undernutrition | crop yield

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%