Childhood maltreatment and sense of parenting competence: The mediating role of parental reflective functioning and perceived social support

Cognitive factors as mediators of the relationship between childhood trauma and depression symptoms: the mediating roles of cognitive overgeneralisation, rumination, and social problem-solving

“…This may be particularly pertinent in cultures with robust traditional and social norms, like Iran, whereby children who have endured abuse may unconsciously internalise a sense of guilt and responsibility for their experiences (Dehghan Manshadi et al, 2023 ). This could lead individuals to develop negative self-perceptions due to the predominant emphasis on family values rather than the child's trauma, the importance of respecting parents and adhering to traditional cultural norms, and the encouragement of families and communities to maintain silence on such matters (Dehghan Manshadi et al, 2023 ). Negative self-schema, in turn, may increase the risk of depressive symptoms (Collins et al, 2023 ).…”

“…This study is important, particularly in Iran, whereby childhood trauma is complicated and due to cultural and social reasons (e.g. low levels of reporting, tolerating and normalising child abuse, fear of stigma, children not being aware of their rights, and families having no desire to reveal child abuse) children have limited opportunities to be educated about trauma, families keep quiet when child maltreatment occurs (Dehghan Manshadi et al, 2023 ). Consequently, those who are maltreated as children in Iran potentially have heightened on-going psychological problems and there is a need for research on factors associated with child maltreatment to inform the development of specific and effective treatments (Dehghan Manshadi et al, 2023 ).…”