Childhood mental disorders in primary health care: result of observations in four developing countries

Giel, R; Arango, Manuel; Climent, C E; Harding, Timothy; Ibrahim, H. H. A.; Ladrido-Ignacio, Lourdes; Murthy, R. Srinivasa; Salazar, Mark; Nn, Wig; Younis, Y. O.

doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60933-x

Cited by 44 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…This decision was taken by the investigators because of assumed resource limitation. RQC is a ten -item questionnaire developed by WHO for screening childhood mental and behavioral disorders (19). This questionnaire has been translated, back translated, validated and used in Ethiopia previously (20).…”

Section: Ethiopjhealth Dev 2006;20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Child labor and childhood behavioral and mental health problems in Ethiopia

Alem

Zergaw

Kebede

et al. 2007

Ethiopian Journal of Health Development

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Background: According to ILO estimates, at least 180 million children aged 5 to 14 years are currently engaged in fulltime work in the developing countries. However, very little information exists about childhood behavioral and mental disorders in Ethiopia. Objective: The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence and describe the nature of behavioral and mental health problems, as well as child abuse, nutritional problems, gross physical illness and injury among child laborers aged 8 to 15 years in Ethiopia. However, only the behavioral and mental health problems of the study population are examined here. Method: A cross-sectional survey of children aged 8 to 15 years, and who were engaged in fulltime work in different formal and informal sectors non-laborers, was conducted in four major towns of Ethiopia. The screening instrument known as Reported Questionnaire on Children (RQC) and a diagnostic instrument known as the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents ( DICA) were used to detect symptoms and signs of behavioral and mental problems in the children. Results: A total of 2000 child laborers and 400 non-laborers were interviewed using RQC to screen for probable cases of behavioral and mental problems. Of these, 50% of the laborers and 42% of the non-laborers were males. The mean age of the laborers was 13.8 ± 1.8 years while that of the non-laborers was 12.2 ± 2.1 years. More females (76.8%) were found to have been engaged in domestic labor than males. The RQC interview screened 9.4% (n=226) of the children as probable cases of mental/ behavioral disorders, (14.0% non-laborers and 8.5% laborers). The second stage DICA interview gave an overall prevalence of 5.5% (4.9% in laborers and 8.8% in non-laborers). Conclusion:The prevalence of childhood behavioral and mental disorders in this study is within the range reported in previews studies conducted on children of the same age group. However, the lower prevalence of childhood disorders in the child laborers compared to that of the non-laborers found in the current study is probably due to selection bias or healthy workers effect. Thus, further study is recommended to explain this unexpected finding. [Ethiop.J.Health Dev. 2000;20(2):119-126]

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Section: Ethiopjhealth Dev 2006;20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Child labor and childhood behavioral and mental health problems in Ethiopia

Alem

Zergaw

Kebede

et al. 2007

Ethiopian Journal of Health Development

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“…A review of eleven studies from six different developing countries suggested that the median prevalence rate of common mental disorders in these countries varied from 20 to 30% (Patel and Kleinman 2003). A study carried out in four sites-India, Colombia, Philippines and Sudan-suggested a frequency of 12-29% of psychological disorders among children (Giel et al 1981). In Brazil, it was found that at least one in 8 school-aged children have major psychological disorders that cause distress or social impairment (Fleitlich-Bilyk and Goodman 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Parenting Programs in Developing Countries: Opportunities and Challenges for Preventing Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties in Children

Mejía

Calam

Sanders

2012

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

159

101

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Many children in developing countries are at risk of emotional and behavioral difficulties, which are likely to be elevated due to the effects of poverty. Parenting programs have shown to be effective preventative strategies in high-income countries, but to date the research on their effectiveness in lower-income countries is limited. International organizations such as the World Health Organization have called for the implementation of programs to prevent behavioral difficulties through the development of stable relationships between children and their parents. The aim of the present paper was to review the literature on parenting programs in developing countries in order to identify challenges, opportunities and directions for further research. First, reports of international organizations were reviewed in order to gain a preliminary overview of the field. In a second stage, a non-systematic review was carried out. Databases were searched in order to identify empirical evaluations of parenting programs in low-income countries. Finally, a systematic review was carried out to specifically identify evaluations of programs targeting emotional or behavioral outcomes. Only one study had a strong methodology among those designed to prevent emotional and behavioral outcomes. Opportunities for further program development and research are identified.

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“…Essas taxas variaram de 12% a 29% nas diversas áreas estudadas, sendo que as taxas mais elevadas foram identificadas na América do Sul. 10 Esse resultado traz preocupação, porém necessita de confirmação através de futuras investigações com metodologia mais adequada.…”

Section: Achados Nos Países Em Desenvolvimentounclassified

Epidemiologia

Fleitlich

Goodman

2000

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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IntroduçãoA epidemiologia psiquiátrica na infância é um campo relativamente novo e a pesquisa nessa área vem crescendo nas últi-mas três décadas. Apesar disso, há ainda muitas questões metodológicas que permanecem indefinidas. O presente artigo discutirá o significado e a função de estudos realizados nessa área, salientando os resultados mais relevantes e as principais dificuldades metodológicas encontradas. Novos instrumentos de avaliação psicopatológica na infância serão apresentados. As peculiaridades metodológicas de levantamentos epidemiológicos realizados em países em desenvolvimento serão discutidas à luz de um estudo realizado no Brasil. A partir dos achados desse estudo, que desafiaram algumas hipóteses iniciais, serão apresentadas alternativas metodológicas para a identificação de sujeitos e a composição de amostra representativa da população de crianças e adolescentes da região Sudeste do Brasil. Epidemiologia na área de psiquiatria da infância e da adolescência O que significa?A epidemiologia investiga as taxas de transtornos mentais na infância em amostras representativas da população geral. Investiga também os fatores associados à manifestação desses transtornos como, por exemplo, os fatores de risco e os fatores de proteção. Dentre os fatores de risco mais investigados, associados a maior incidência de transtornos mentais em crianças e adolescentes, estão os transtornos mentais e o baixo grau de instrução do cuidador. Os fatores protetores investigados são aqueles estatisticamente associados a menor incidência de transtornos mentais em jovens. Para que serve?Através de estudos epidemiológicos, podemos apresentar evidências aos governos, ressaltando a importância da alocação de verbas para a área de saúde mental infantil. Esses estudos evidenciam que: (1) os problemas de saúde mental na infância e na adolescência são comuns e prejudicam o rendimento escolar e o relacionamento social das crianças e adolescentes; (2) os problemas de saúde mental tendem a persistir ao longo dos anos; (3) a maioria das crianças com esses problemas não recebem tratamento adequado; (4) os transtornos não tratados favorecem a ocorrência de eventos graves na vida adulta, como problemas de saúde mental, criminalidade, abuso de álcool e drogas, desemprego prolongado e dificuldades na educação dos filhos. Conhecer as taxas de transtornos mentais na população auxilia no planejamento dos serviços de saúde oferecidos à comunidade. A identificação dos fatores de risco ou de proteção associados aos principais transtornos pode servir de base para a indicação de tratamentos e para o desenvolvimento de programas de prevenção. EpidemiologiaEpidemiologia Epidemiologia Epidemiologia Epidemiologia Bacy Quais as dificuldades para a realização de pesquisa nessa área?A pesquisa em epidemiologia apresenta diversas dificuldades metodológicas. Essas podem ser ilustradas, por exemplo, pela grande variação nas taxas de prevalência dos transtornos psiquiátricos observados na infância e adolescência (5% a 50%), segundo diferentes estudos realizado...

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Childhood mental disorders in primary health care: result of observations in four developing countries

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Child labor and childhood behavioral and mental health problems in Ethiopia

Child labor and childhood behavioral and mental health problems in Ethiopia

A Review of Parenting Programs in Developing Countries: Opportunities and Challenges for Preventing Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties in Children

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