Childhood obesity and central precocious puberty

Li, Shi; Jiang, Zongyong; Zhang, Li

doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1056871

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In addition, obesity may constitute a chronic stressor and in turn impair brain functions involved in affective control, by inducing chronic inflammation, dysfunctions in the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis [31], and dysregulations of adipokines [33]. In line with previous findings [25,34], our study also found that girls with the trajectory of increasing adiposity had earlier menarche ages and menarche age was associated with BMI/WHtR trajectories, which may suggest a risk of the metabolic-reproductive interplay among female adolescents with early menarche ages involving adipokines (leptin and ghrelin), hormones (insulin), and lipid, as well as critical signaling pathways (AMPK/SIRT, mTOR) that may integrate the peripheral metabolism and central circuits [35]. Furthermore, the associations between the "rapidly increasing" BMI z score/WHtR trajectory and subsequent neurobehavioral deficits remained significant when taking pubertal timing into consideration (additionally adjusting for menarche age in girls), indicating that rapidly increasing adiposity or abdominal obesity from ages 11 to 15 years may be an independent risk factor for neurobehavioral deficits among female adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Rapid increases in BMI waist to height ratio during adolescence and subsequent neurobehavioral deficits

Yu,

Jiang,

Fan

et al. 2023

Obesity

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore prospective relationships between changing patterns of BMI/waist to height ratio (WHtR) during adolescence and subsequent neurobehavioral development.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, randomized stratified sampling was used to recruit six middle schools and 609 students in Shanghai, China. In Grades 6, 7, and 9, the Youth Self Report scale was used to assess student neurobehavioral status and anthropometric measurements were conducted to calculate BMI z scores and WHtRs. Longitudinal data were analyzed using latent class mixture modeling to delineate trajectories of BMI z scores (“stable,” “decreasing,” “rapidly increasing”) and WHtRs (“stable,” “rapidly increasing”), and their associations with neurobehavioral status in Grade 9 were assessed.ResultsIn Grades 6 through 9 (ages 11–15 years), the prevalence of overall obesity and abdominal obesity ranged from 10.7% to 13.0% and 13.0% to 19.8%, respectively. Compared with the stable BMI z score trajectory, the rapidly increasing BMI z score trajectory was longitudinally associated with delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, and externalizing problems (incidence rate ratio: 1.564–1.613, adjusted p < 0.05). Compared with the stable WHtR trajectory, the rapidly increasing WHtR trajectory significantly predicted increased risks of social problems and delinquent behavior (incidence rate ratios: 1.776–1.967, adjusted p < 0.05). Significant associations of the rapidly increasing BMI z score/WHtR trajectories with subsequent neurobehavioral deficits were observed among girls (adjusted p < 0.05) but not among boys (adjusted p > 0.05).ConclusionsRapid increases in BMI or WHtR during adolescence could predict subsequent neurobehavioral deficits, especially for externalizing behaviors. Timely intervention for weight control may be considered to promote adolescent mental health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Rapid increases in BMI waist to height ratio during adolescence and subsequent neurobehavioral deficits

Yu,

Jiang,

Fan

et al. 2023

Obesity

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“…Childhood obesity makes inroads on up to 107.7 million children worldwide [5] . Being closely related to diseases such as diabetes, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome, obesity also affects children's sleep and mental health, and seriously undermines children's normal growth and development [6][7][8][9] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Integration of Sports and Medicine on the Intervention of Childhood Simple Obesity

Zhang,

Tian

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background To investigate the effect of the integration of sports and medicine on the intervention of childhood simple obesity. Methods This was a prospective study. A total of 206 children with childhood simple obesity who were admitted to Baoding Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from May 2021 to September 2022 were recruited as subjects. They were divided into two groups using a random number table. The first group was an observation group in which interventions were formulated jointly by clinicians, nutritionists and sports professionals. The second group was a control group treated solely under the direction of clinicians. Separately, the two groups of children were followed up for a 1-year intervention and their height, weight, blood glucose, and lipid levels were examined. And, an adherence scale was used to investigate the adherence of the children. Results The lost visit rate of the control group was higher than that of the observation group (χ2 = 5.618, P < 0.05). Developmental indicators: the body weight and BMI of the observation group were lower than the baseline value after 1 year of follow-up (t = 4.402, t = 13.852; all P < 0.05); After 1-year follow-up, the body weight and BMI of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (t = 7.358, t = 14.807; all P < 0.05); Laboratory findings: no statistically significant difference was found between the baseline values of PG and HDL-C in the observation group when compared with those after 1 year of follow-up (P > 0.05), while TC, TG, and LDL-C were lower than the baseline values (t = 23.220, t = 17.408, t = 20.305; all P < 0.05); No statistically significant difference was found between the PG, HDL-C, TC, and TG in the control group compared with the baseline values after 1 year of follow-up (P > 0.05), while LDL-C was lower than the baseline values (t = 15.459, t = 14.861, t = 10.331; all P < 0.05). Adherence comparison: the exercise adherence, monitoring adherence, opinion-seeking adherence, and total adherence in the control group were significantly higher than those in the observation group (P < 0.05). Adherence analysis: BMI of the enrolled children was negatively correlated with exercise adherence, monitoring adherence, opinion-seeking adherence and total adherence (r=-0.353, r=-0.656, r=-0.646, r=-0.629; all P < 0.05). Conclusions It is not ideal for obese children to lose weight under the guidance of a physician alone. In this regard, the integration of sports and medicine (ISM) can be an effective way to address childhood obesity by developing individualized, standardized, and adherent treatment plans for obese children.

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“…Although the exact mechanisms remain to be elucidated, obesity-related hormonal changes including leptin and insulin resistance are speculated to contribute to early puberty [ 35 ]. It has been observed that obesity-related increases in circulating leptin activate hypothalamic Kiss 1 expression, which regulates GnRH pulse production and puberty onset [ 36 ]. Obesity-induced hyperinsulinemia was also shown to induce earlier pubertal onset by increasing androgen synthesis from the ovary and adrenal glands and by increasing the bioavailability of sex steroid hormones [ 35 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ongoing increasing trends in central precocious puberty incidence among Korean boys and girls from 2008 to 2020

et al. 2023

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Background Over the last few decades, there has been growing evidence of earlier onset and progression of puberty worldwide. This population-based longitudinal cohort study aimed to analyze the change in the annual incidence rate of central precocious puberty (CPP) among Korean children over the most recent decade, using the national registry data. Method The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) and insurance claims for gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment were used to identify CPP patients who were using the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) database between 2008 and 2020. Patients who began GnRHa therapy before the age of 9 and 10 for girls and boys, respectively, were included in the study. Results A total of 6,906 boys and 126,377 girls were diagnosed with CPP between 2008 and 2020. The annual incidence of CPP increased by 83.3 times in boys (from 1.2 to 100 per 100,000 persons) and by 15.9 times in girls (from 88.9 to 1414.7 per 100,000 persons). The age-specific annual incidence of CPP increased remarkably more in older children than in younger ones; the 2020 CPP incidence among 9-year-old boys and 8-year-old girls reached 705.2 and 7,967.3 per 100,000 persons, respectively. The annual prevalence of CPP in boys and girls increased from 2.7 to 206.5 (76.5 times) and from 141.8 to 3439.9 (24.3 times) per 100,000 persons, respectively. Conclusion Based on GnRHa treatment insurance claims, our study suggests that the annual incidence of CPP has substantially increased in Korea during the past 13 years. These findings highlight the importance of meticulous judgment by doctors in determining GnRHa treatment.

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Childhood obesity and central precocious puberty

Cited by 42 publications

References 75 publications

Rapid increases in BMI waist to height ratio during adolescence and subsequent neurobehavioral deficits

Rapid increases in BMI waist to height ratio during adolescence and subsequent neurobehavioral deficits

Effect of Integration of Sports and Medicine on the Intervention of Childhood Simple Obesity

Ongoing increasing trends in central precocious puberty incidence among Korean boys and girls from 2008 to 2020

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