Childhood Onset Diagnoses in a Case Series of Teens at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis

Mazzoni, Paola; Kimhy, David; Khan, Shamir; Posner, Kelly; Maayan, Lawrence; Eilenberg, Mara; Messinger, Julie W.; Kestenbaum, Clarice J.; Corcoran, Cheryl

doi:10.1089/cap.2008.0105

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Only a handful of studies have looked at the presentation of at-risk adolescents [35][36][37][38] excluding studies where risk is solely based on genetic predisposition. In one of the first studies, Meyer and colleagues [36] identified 24 adolescents who reported significant perceptual abnormalities (20/24, 83%), unusual thought content (18/24, 75%) and suspiciousness (13/54%) symptoms at baseline assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘At-Risk Mental State’ for Psychosis in Adolescents: Clinical Presentation, Transition and Remission

Welsh

Tiffin

2013

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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. (2014) 'The 'At-risk mental state' for psychosis in adolescents : clinical presentation, transition and remission.', Child psychiatry and human development., 45 (1). pp. 90-98.Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-013-0380-z Publisher's copyright statement:The nal publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-013-0380-z.Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. 2 Abstract:Despite increased efforts over the last decade to prospectively identify individuals at ultrahigh risk of developing a psychotic illness, limited attention has been specifically directed towards adolescent populations (<18 years). In order to evaluate how those under 18 fulfilling the operationalised criteria for an At-Risk Mental State (ARMS) present and fare over time, we conducted an observational study. Participants (N=30) generally reported a high degree of functional disability and frequent and distressing perceptual disturbance, mainly in the form of auditory hallucinations. Seventy percent (21/30) were found to fulfil the criteria for a co-morbid ICD-10 listed mental health disorder, with mood (affective; 13/30) disorders being most prevalent. Overall transition rates to psychosis were low at 24 month follow-up (2/28; 7.1%) whilst many participants demonstrated a significant reduction in psychotic-like symptoms. The generalisation of these findings may be limited due to the small sample size and require replication in a larger sample.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘At-Risk Mental State’ for Psychosis in Adolescents: Clinical Presentation, Transition and Remission

Welsh

Tiffin

2013

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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“…Because young people identified as at risk of psychosis typically have comorbid diagnoses of depression and anxiety (5), one strategy for evaluating the stigma associated with the label of psychosis risk syndrome is to compare it with the stigma attached to labels of depression or anxiety. In national surveys of public attitudes toward adolescents labeled with nonpsychotic disorders such as major depression, 19% to 20% of respondents endorsed rejection, indicating moderately negative social distance, and 31% to 42% of respondents perceived such individuals as violent toward others, indicating moderately negative stereotypes (6,7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Public Stigma Associated With Psychosis Risk Syndrome in a College Population: Implications for Peer Intervention

et al. 2013

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Objectives This study compared stigma associated with the psychosis risk label and diagnostic labels for nonpsychotic and psychotic mental disorders among young adult peers. Methods Urban college respondents (N=153) read an experimental vignette describing a young adult experiencing prodromal symptoms who was randomly assigned a diagnostic label (major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, or psychosis risk with and without accurate information about the psychosis risk label) and answered questions about stigma toward the individual in the vignette. Results Compared with labels for non-psychotic disorders, schizophrenia elicited more negative stereotyping and the at-risk label invoked greater social distance and less willingness to help. Any increased social distance appeared to be reduced by accurate information about the at-risk state. No differences in stigma were found for the psychosis risk and schizophrenia labels. Conclusions The psychosis risk label alone appeared to evoke greater status loss and discrimination. Accurate information may minimize some stigmatizing attitudes among college peers.

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“…A meta-analysis of studies suggests that the large variance in their effect sizes may be related to the effects of moderator variables, and different strategies for ascertainment of both CHR subjects and controls (Moberg et al, 2014). Of note, a pattern of mixed results for SID is evident across many psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, including attention deficit disorder, autism spectrum disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder and other anxiety disorders (reviewed by Schecklmann et al, 2013), many of which are comorbid diagnoses observed in CHR cohorts, including in the current study (also reviewed in Mazzoni et al, 2009). Of note, our study’s main limitations are its size and the relatively low smell identification ability among community-ascertained controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Smell identification in individuals at clinical high risk for schizophrenia

Gill

Evans

Kayser

et al. 2014

Psychiatry Research

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Smell identification deficits exist in schizophrenia, and may be associated with its negative symptoms. Less is known about smell identification and its clinical correlates in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. We examined smell identification, symptoms and IQ in 71 clinical high-risk (CHR) subjects and 36 healthy controls. Smell identification was assessed using both the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT; Doty et al., 1984) and its extracted 12-item Brief Smell Identification Test (Goudsmit et al., 2003). Smell identification did not significantly differ between CHR subjects and controls. Among CHR subjects, smell identification did not predict schizophrenia (N = 19; 27%) within 2 years, nor was it associated with negative or positive symptoms. This is the third prospective cohort study to examine smell identification in CHR subjects, and overall, findings are inconclusive, similar to what is found for other disorders in adolescents, such as autism spectrum, attention deficit and anxiety disorders. Smell identification deficit may not have clear utility as a marker of emergent schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders.

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Childhood Onset Diagnoses in a Case Series of Teens at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis

Abstract: Reasons: Schizophrenia is typically an adult neurodevelopmental disorder that has its antecedents in childhood and adolescence.

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

The ‘At-Risk Mental State’ for Psychosis in Adolescents: Clinical Presentation, Transition and Remission

The ‘At-Risk Mental State’ for Psychosis in Adolescents: Clinical Presentation, Transition and Remission

Public Stigma Associated With Psychosis Risk Syndrome in a College Population: Implications for Peer Intervention

Smell identification in individuals at clinical high risk for schizophrenia

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