Childhood Passive Smoking Exposure and Age at Menarche in Chinese Women Who Had Never Smoked: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

Yang, Shanshan; Jin, Ya Li; He, Yao; Jiang, Chaoqiang; Cheng, Kar Keung; Zhang, Weisen; Lam, Tai Hing

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130429

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…YH, BJ and LW provided consultancy to the Chinese government to influence national tobacco control measures, such as national smoke-free legislation and a reimbursement scheme for smoking cessation medication. Both CQJ’s team and YH’s team published research papers including smoking pattern and hazard of Chinese female smokers and elderly smokers, and experience in implementing smoke-free legislation, in national and international journals (22,30–42).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting smoking cessation in China: a foot-in-the-door approach to tobacco control advocacy

et al. 2017

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting smoking cessation in China: a foot-in-the-door approach to tobacco control advocacy

et al. 2017

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“…ETS exposure has also been shown to cause dysmenorrhea in a dose‐dependent manner in young Chinese women 22 . Childhood ETS exposure has also been associated with earlier age at menarche 37 . If a causal link can be identified for these associations, the results would support protecting individuals, particularly young girls, from ETS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of past environmental tobacco smoke exposure on the menstrual cycle and menstrual phase‐related symptoms: A cross‐sectional study

Sakai

Ohashi

2020

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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AimThis study examined the effects of current and past environmental tobacco smoke exposure on the menstrual cycle and menstrual phase‐related symptoms in nonsmoking Japanese women of child‐bearing age.MethodsOf 5000 women who agreed to participate, 3935 were analyzed (932 smokers, 2326 nonsmokers, and 677 past smokers). Nonsmokers were divided into three groups based on smoking status and environmental tobacco smoke exposure: nonsmokers without exposure (n = 352), nonsmokers with past exposure (n = 1196) and nonsmokers with current exposure (n = 778). Participants completed a questionnaire on background characteristics, environmental tobacco smoke exposure (location and relationship to smokers), abnormal menstrual cycle, days of menstrual cycle and menstrual cycle‐related symptoms experienced in the past 3 months (assessed by the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire).ResultsMean age was 29.7 ± 7.0 (20–44) years. Compared with nonsmokers without environmental tobacco smoke exposure, current smokers had the highest risk of an abnormal menstrual cycle (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.74 [1.194–2.545]), followed by nonsmokers with past exposure (adjusted OR, 1.70 [1.171–2.464]), past smokers (adjusted OR, 1.60 [1.081–2.366]) and nonsmokers with current environmental tobacco smoke exposure (adjusted OR, 1.49 [0.901–1.212]). Irrespective of environmental tobacco smoke exposure, current smokers reported significantly more severe premenstrual and menstrual symptoms than nonsmokers, and nonsmokers with past environmental tobacco smoke exposure had significantly more severe premenstrual and menstrual symptoms than nonsmokers without environmental tobacco smoke exposure.ConclusionPast environmental tobacco smoke exposure, especially during childhood or adolescence, might harm women's reproductive health when they reach reproductive age.

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“…Similar to a previous Chinese population study [31], our cohort showed that age at menarche decreased and that age at menopause increased in younger generations. Thus, further analysis was conducted by birth cohort; by smoking status (never smoker with additional adjustments for childhood passive smoking exposure), which is linked to an earlier age at menarche [32] and menopause [33]; and by stroke mortality [34]. A sensitivity analysis was conducted after exclusion of those with removal of the uterus, ovaries, or breast masses (benign or malignant) or those who received hormone replacement therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age At Menarche, Age At Menopause, Reproductive Years and Risk of Fatal Stroke Occurrence Among Chinese Women: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

Zhu

2021

Preprint

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Background The relationship between women’s reproductive characteristics and stroke events is unclear. We aimed to investigate age at menarche, age at menopause and number of reproductive years in relation to fatal stroke occurrence in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Methods In total, 16504 postmenopausal women without stroke, heart disease or a cancer history at baseline were included and followed up for a median of 12.0 years. After review of available records, 222 stroke deaths were recorded. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the associations between the risk of fatal stroke occurrence and age at menarche, age at menopause and number of reproductive years. Results In the whole cohort, compared with those aged 15 years at menarche, women aged 17 years at menarche had an increased risk for fatal stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–3.05) and fatal haemorrhagic stroke (HR = 2.65, 95% CI 1.14–6.18), and women aged ≥ 18 years at menarche had an increased risk for fatal stroke (HR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.03–2.70) and fatal ischaemic stroke (HR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.01–3.99). Among postmenopausal women born before 1940, women aged < 43 years at menopause had an increased risk for fatal stroke (HR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.05–3.69) compared with those aged 51–52 years at menopause. Additionally, in the whole cohort, women with ≤ 28 reproductive years had an increased risk for fatal stroke (HR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.28–2.86) and fatal ischaemic stroke (HR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.26–4.05) compared with those with 32–34 reproductive years; postmenopausal women born before 1940 had a similar risk for fatal stroke and fatal ischaemic stroke. Conclusions Older age at menarche, younger age at menopause and fewer reproductive ages were related to an increased risk of fatal stroke in postmenopausal women.

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Childhood Passive Smoking Exposure and Age at Menarche in Chinese Women Who Had Never Smoked: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Promoting smoking cessation in China: a foot-in-the-door approach to tobacco control advocacy

Promoting smoking cessation in China: a foot-in-the-door approach to tobacco control advocacy

Effects of past environmental tobacco smoke exposure on the menstrual cycle and menstrual phase‐related symptoms: A cross‐sectional study

Age At Menarche, Age At Menopause, Reproductive Years and Risk of Fatal Stroke Occurrence Among Chinese Women: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study

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