“…Although little to no research has been done on the relation between Chinese parents' history of emotional abuse, emotion regulation, and parenting stress in a single examination, existing evidence has supported the association between childhood maltreatment and negative outcomes in Chinese culture (e.g., Cheng, Huang, & Anthony, 2011;Wan, Chen, Sun, & Tao, 2015), which is consistent with findings in Western cultures (e.g., Bailey et al, 2012). Additionally, the Chinese parents who participated in the current study (i.e., middle-class, college educated, and working professionals) are considered to take a more individualistic approach to parenting and co-parenting than previous research suggested, probably due to the drastic social Downloaded by [University of Nebraska, Lincoln] at 06:28 10 June 2016 changes which have occurred in China during the past 30 years and which have moved the culture in the direction of individuality (Chang, Chen, & Ji, 2011).…”