Childhood predictors of adolescent substance use in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD.

Molina, Brooke S. G.; Pelham, William E.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.112.3.497

Cited by 596 publications

(632 citation statements)

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“…These comparisons are also reported by Molina and Pelham (2003) but are presented here again as a point of departure for tests of the mediation and moderation hypotheses. 2 Compared with standards proposed by Cohen (1988), statistically significant effect sizes range from small (.31) to moderate (.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The second goal of this study was to test this moderator model. Molina and Pelham (2003) recently conducted a study to evaluate the magnitude of risk for adolescent substance use in clinic-referred children with ADHD and to evaluate the role of childhood ADHD symptoms, ADHD persistence, and comorbid conduct disorder symptoms in explaining this risk. The goals of the present study were to build on Molina and Pelham's study by considering the role of concurrent affiliation with deviant peers, operationalized as perceived substance use by peers and perceived tolerance of substance use by peers, in the development of substance use.…”

Section: Deviant Peer Group Affiliation and Substance Use Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least three teachers of primary academic subjects were asked to complete ratings of behavior and academic performance. Additional details regarding participant recruitment and procedures are in Molina and Pelham (2003) and Bagwell et al (2001). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood ADHD and Adolescent Substance Use: An Examination of Deviant Peer Group Affiliation as a Risk Factor.

Marshal¹,

Molina²,

Pelham³

2003

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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138

118

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Deviant peer group affiliation was evaluated as a risk factor for substance use in adolescents with childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Results showed that deviant peer affiliation mediated the relationship between ADHD and substance use, suggesting that children with ADHD are more likely than children without ADHD to become involved with deviant peers and, as a result, more likely to use substances. Moreover, the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and substance use was stronger for adolescents with ADHD, suggesting that once they are immersed in a deviant peer group, adolescents with ADHD are more vulnerable to the negative social influences of that group. This study is the first step in identifying high-risk pathways from childhood ADHD to substance use in adolescence.Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a persistent and pervasive mental health problem that first appears in childhood and comprises two primary symptom domains: (a) inattention and (b) impulsivity-hyperactivity (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Several decades of research have shown that clinically significant levels of ADHD symptoms interfere with academic and social functioning (Barkley, 1998). Indeed, children with ADHD-especially boys, who are six to nine times more likely than girls to have ADHD in clinic-referred settings-experience impairment in many areas of functioning that may cause significant adjustment problems later in life. For example, a recent review concluded that childhood ADHD continues to be a risk factor for academic, behavioral, and social functioning difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood (see Mannuzza & Klein, 1999).Within the domain of possible adverse behavioral outcomes for children with ADHD is early use of drugs and alcohol. Although there is controversy surrounding the magnitude and cause of the effect, children who are clinic referred for ADHD appear to be at risk for early substance use. For example, adolescents with childhood hyperactivity more often reported cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use than did control participants (Barkley, Fischer, Edelbrock, & Smallish, 1990), although the alcohol and marijuana group differences were Gittelman, Mannuzza, Shenker, and Bonagura (1985) reported more drug use disorders in their late adolescent males with childhood hyperactivity than in boys without childhood hyperactivity. With some exceptions for tobacco (Burke, Loeber, & Lahey, 2001;Milberger et al., 1997), substance use by adolescents with childhood ADHD is strongly associated with the development of conduct problems in these same individuals (Barkley et al., 1990;Gittelman et al., 1985). This result is not surprising given the robust, although imperfect, association between the two behavioral domains of substance use and conduct problems (Mason & Windle, 2002). The important, potentially mediating role of conduct problems is also consistent with theoretical models of early-onset alcoholism common among males (Sher, 1991;Zucker, Ellis, & Fitzge...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Deviant Peer Group Affiliation and Substance Use Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Childhood ADHD and Adolescent Substance Use: An Examination of Deviant Peer Group Affiliation as a Risk Factor.

Marshal¹,

Molina²,

Pelham³

2003

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

Self Cite

138

118

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“…Children with ADHD are at risk of school failure, emotional difficulties, substance misuse, antisocial behaviour, and poor peer relationships in adolescence 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and are more impaired in psychosocial, educational, and neuropsychological functioning as adults 15. ADHD affects both boys and girls in all areas of functioning, for example, academically, cognitively, psychosocially, and psychiatrically 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subthreshold and threshold attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in childhood: psychosocial outcomes in adolescence in boys and girls

Selinus

Molero

Lichtenstein

et al. 2016

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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ObjectiveTo examine the association between different levels of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and sex differences in psychosocial outcomes during adolescence.MethodSwedish children (n = 4635) were screened for neuropsychiatric symptoms at age 9 or 12. ADHD symptoms were divided into three levels: screen‐negative, screen‐intermediate, and screen‐positive. At follow‐up (age 15), parents and teenagers filled out questionnaires regarding (i) hyperactivity/inattention, (ii) peer problems, (iii) school problems, (iv) internalizing problems, (v) antisocial behaviour, (vi) alcohol misuse, and (vii) drug misuse. All outcomes were controlled for symptoms of diagnostic categories other than ADHD.ResultsIncreasing levels of ADHD symptoms in childhood were associated with higher proportions of adolescents who displayed negative psychosocial outcomes. More girls than boys reported internalizing problems (all levels) and risky drug use (screen‐intermediate and screen‐positive only). More boys reported antisocial behaviour at the screen‐negative and screen‐intermediate levels, but at the screen‐positive level, similar proportions of girls and boys displayed antisocial behaviour.ConclusionThe findings support the view that ADHD symptoms, as well as their negative outcomes, are dimensionally distributed in the population and that adolescent girls and boys display different risk profiles. The findings confirm that ADHD symptoms are associated with higher risk of drug misuse in girls.

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“…The fact that comorbid diagnoses of the children in the non-psychiatric sample may be inadequately identified and treated places these children at greater risk for developing long-term negative outcomes associated with ADHD, such as substance abuse and mood disorders [1,24,[41][42][43] and lower academic functioning [43]. This study also highlights the differences in severity and comorbidity of ADHD and the socioeconomic disadvantages that are present among minority children and families treated in public clinics compared to those who are treated in private clinics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

An Assessment of Comorbidity and Social Demographics in a Primarily African-American and Hispanic Population of Boys with ADHD Treated in Psychiatric/Non-Psychiatric and Public/Private Clinics in Miami, Florida

Rothe¹,

Lewis²

2016

J Child Adolesc Behav

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Objective: To determine whether social disadvantage and comorbidity in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differ among psychiatric versus non-psychiatric and public versus private clinics. Methods:This cross-sectional study included boys 6-12 years of age, clinically diagnosed, and pharmacologically treated for ADHD at 1 of 5 clinics in Miami, Florida. The child's caregiver completed a demographics form, the Child Behavior Checklist, and the Child Symptom Inventory. Results:The study included 174 boys (28% African-American and 64% Hispanic). The sample included 42% psychiatric practices and 73% public clinics. Compared to the non-psychiatric sample, children in the psychiatric samples presented more often with ADHD hyperactive-impulsive subtype and combined subtype. Children in the psychiatric clinics had the most severe forms of ADHD and the most comorbid diagnoses, particularly behavioral, mood, and anxiety disorders. Compared to the private clinics, children in the public psychiatric clinic presented more markers of socioeconomic disadvantage. Public clinics also had more severe ADHD, social phobia, aggressive behavior, and externalizing behaviors than private clinics. Conclusions:Comorbidity and severity of ADHD in children treated in primary care clinics were lower than, but clinically comparable to, that found in psychiatric clinics. Socioeconomic disadvantages are present in children treated in public clinics.

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Childhood predictors of adolescent substance use in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD.

Cited by 596 publications

References 64 publications

Childhood ADHD and Adolescent Substance Use: An Examination of Deviant Peer Group Affiliation as a Risk Factor.

Childhood ADHD and Adolescent Substance Use: An Examination of Deviant Peer Group Affiliation as a Risk Factor.

Subthreshold and threshold attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in childhood: psychosocial outcomes in adolescence in boys and girls

An Assessment of Comorbidity and Social Demographics in a Primarily African-American and Hispanic Population of Boys with ADHD Treated in Psychiatric/Non-Psychiatric and Public/Private Clinics in Miami, Florida

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