Childhood predictors of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Ajala, Olubukola; Mold, Freda; Boughton, Charlotte K; Cooke, Dennis; Whyte, Martin

doi:10.1111/obr.12561

Cited by 73 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This higher prevalence of dyslipidemia observed in our study may be partly explained by the fact that 69.5% of the adolescents were overweight, which is a risk factor for dyslipidemia and because self-reported change in lipid profile was an inclusion criterion. The presence of dyslipidemia in childhood and adolescence may indicate a higher risk of developing CVD, since there is a tendency for these young people to maintain similar profiles in adulthood [18,19]. Lower levels of HDL-C observed in overweight adolescents are consistent with published reports that show secondary dyslipidemia arising from obesity, with reduction in HDL-C [20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Polymorphisms in PPARG and APOE: relationships with lipid profile of adolescents with cardiovascular risk factors

Alves

Morais

Augusto

et al. 2017

Nutrire

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Background: Cardiovascular diseases constitute the main death cause worldwide resulting from a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, and the prevalence among younger individuals has increased. It is important to early identify changes in lipid profile and the influence of genetic variations in specific genes on the individual patterns of lipid profile. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the relationship of polymorphisms in PPAR-gamma gene (PPARG − rs1801282 − Pro12Ala) and in apolipoprotein E gene (APOE − rs429358 + rs7412, determinants of the APOE2, APOE3, or APOE4 genotypes) with lipid profile of adolescents under cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 115 adolescents aged 10-19 years, which presented cardiovascular risk factors. The students were evaluated regarding socioeconomic, anthropometric, biochemical, genetic, and dietetic variables. Student's t test or Mann-Whitney test were applied to the analysis of the genotypes. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the variables that most influenced the lipid profile. Results: Adolescents carrying PPARG Ala allele showed higher serum triglycerides (p = 0.0423) and very low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.0410) levels when compared to those carrying the wild genotype. For the APOE polymorphism, it was observed a trend of higher triglycerides (p = 0.0712) and very low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.0758) levels in the adolescents carrying the E4 allele when compared to those who did not carry this allele. Conclusion: The polymorphisms PPARG rs1801282 and APOE rs429358 + rs7412 seem to be related to the development of lipid profile alterations in adolescents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Polymorphisms in PPARG and APOE: relationships with lipid profile of adolescents with cardiovascular risk factors

Alves

Morais

Augusto

et al. 2017

Nutrire

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“…Whether our observation of patterns of BMI gain linked to adverse body composition in adolescence will lead to disease, remains to be seen. Longitudinal cohort data on growth, body composition, and adult disease risk are currently sparse and follow‐up studies warranted …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Childhood and adolescent obesity is associated with increased risk of adult morbidity, especially cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes type 2. Prolonged duration of obesity is also a strong predictor of CVD and diabetes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent body composition and associations with body size and growth from birth to late adolescence. The Tromsø study: Fit Futures—A Norwegian longitudinal cohort study

et al. 2018

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Summary Background Fat and fat‐free masses and fat distribution are related to cardiometabolic risk. Objectives: to explore how birth weight, childhood body mass index (BMI) and BMI gain were related to adolescent body composition and central obesity. Methods In a population‐based longitudinal study, body composition was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in 907 Norwegian adolescents (48% girls). Associations between birth weight, BMI categories, and BMI gain were evaluated by fitting linear mixed models and conditional growth models with fat mass index (FMI, kg/m2), fat‐free mass index (FFMI, kg/m2) standard deviation scores (SDS), and central obesity at 15 to 20 years, as well as change in FMI SDS and FFMI SDS between ages 15 to 17 and 18 to 20 as outcomes. Results Birth weight was associated with FFMI in adolescence. Greater BMI gain in childhood, conditioned on prior body size, was associated with higher FMI, FFMI, and central overweight/obesity with the strongest associations seen at age 6 to 16.5 years: FMI SDS: β = 0.67, 95% CI (0.63‐0.71), FFMI SDS: 0.46 (0.39, 0.52), in girls, FMI SDS: 0.80 (0.75, 0.86), FFMI SDS: 0.49 (0.43, 0.55), in boys. Conclusions Compared with birth and early childhood, high BMI and greater BMI gain at later ages are strong predictors of higher fat mass and central overweight/obesity at 15 to 20 years of age.

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“…Our previous study showed that BMI is the strongest determinant for cardiovascular risk factors. Many studies have evaluated the association between contributing factors for childhood obesity with risk factors of chronic diseases, separately [10][11][12] ; however, the current study provides a comprehensive model including different determinants all together.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have evaluated the association between predisposing factors including lifestyle habits, exposure to environmental chemicals, socioeconomic status, and chronic diseases. [10][11][12] Therefore, this study aimed to assess the interplay between lifestyle habits and BMI as well as risk factors for cardiometabolic, hepatic, and renal disorders to define the causality power of each item influencing obesity and also to determine the strength of its associations with cardiovascular, renal, and hepatic risk factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Path Analysis on Determinants of Childhood Obesity and Associated Risk Factors of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Hepatic Diseases: The CASPIAN-V Study

Mansouri

Mansourian

Qorbani

et al. 2020

Journal of Child Science

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The interaction between several lifestyle and obesogenic environmental factors is considered as the main underlying factor for the escalating trend of childhood obesity and its adverse consequences. In this study, we assessed the mutual influence of lifestyle habits and body mass index (BMI) as well as risk factors for cardiometabolic, hepatic, and renal disorders to define the causality power of each item. This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted as the fifth round of a school-based surveillance program. Overall, 14,800 students living in Iran were studied, and blood samples were obtained from 4,200 of them. Demographic factors, anthropometric and biochemical measures were used to define lifestyle-related latent variables as well as cardiac, renal, and hepatic risk indicators. Total, direct, and indirect effects between factors were analyzed using the standardized regression weights for each pathway. Data from 14,274 students (participation rate of 99%) and 3,843 blood samples were included. All of the latent variables had a significant direct effect on BMI, with the most potent effect of unhealthy nutrition (β ≅ 0.63) in boys and girls. BMI has significant direct effects on risk indicators of cardiovascular, renal, and hepatic diseases with the most powerful effect on cardiovascular risk factors (β ≅ − 0.08). The most important predisposing factor for obesity was unhealthy nutrition, whereas increased activity, adequate sleep, and better hygiene had protective roles. BMI shows the strongest association with indicator of cardiovascular diseases. These findings underscore the importance of implementing public health programs for the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases.

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Childhood predictors of cardiovascular disease in adulthood. A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 73 publications

References 46 publications

Polymorphisms in PPARG and APOE: relationships with lipid profile of adolescents with cardiovascular risk factors

Polymorphisms in PPARG and APOE: relationships with lipid profile of adolescents with cardiovascular risk factors

Adolescent body composition and associations with body size and growth from birth to late adolescence. The Tromsø study: Fit Futures—A Norwegian longitudinal cohort study

Path Analysis on Determinants of Childhood Obesity and Associated Risk Factors of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Hepatic Diseases: The CASPIAN-V Study

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