Childhood Risk of Parental Absence in Tanzania

Gaydosh, Lauren

doi:10.1007/s13524-015-0411-4

Cited by 33 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…While the prevalence of orphanhood has been widely publicized, particularly in reference to the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, there has been far less emphasis placed on parental absence. Critically, parental absence may be far more common than orphanhood (Gaydosh, 2015). Over time, households dissolve, parents divorce, and many adolescents migrate to new households due to marriage, work or schooling (Hosegood, Benzler, & Solarsh, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between parental presence and child sexual violence: Evidence from thirteen countries in sub-Saharan Africa

Kidman

Palermo

2016

Child Abuse & Neglect

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There are compelling reasons to believe that orphans – many millions due to the AIDS epidemic – are more likely to be sexually victimized during childhood. Few studies have empirically investigated sexual violence disparities, and those that do suffer from methodological limitations and limited geographic scope. We used nationally-representative data on female adolescents (15-17 years) from 13 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. We built multilevel logistic models to test for an association between the dependent variables (orphanhood and parental absence) and sexual violence, both within countries and pooled across all countries. Approximately 10% of adolescent girls reported past experiences of sexual violence; a third of those victimized were 14 years or younger at the time of their first forced encounter. Paternal orphaning (OR 1.36, p ≤ .01), double orphaning (OR 1.47, p ≤ .05), and paternal absence (OR 1.28; p ≤.05) were significantly associated with experiencing sexual violence in pooled analyses. Fewer findings reached significance within individual countries. Our findings suggest that the lack of a father in the home (due to death or absence) places girls at heightened risk for childhood sexual abuse; further research identifying pathways of vulnerability and resilience specific to this population is needed. Our findings also indicate that abuse often starts at an early age; thus promising programs should be adapted for younger age groups and rigorously tested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between parental presence and child sexual violence: Evidence from thirteen countries in sub-Saharan Africa

Kidman

Palermo

2016

Child Abuse & Neglect

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“…The home environment or living situation of the orphaned child can influence his/her nutritional outcome. For example, relatives or neighbours who take in an orphaned child may not have the economic security to ensure his/her well-being,19 particularly for grandparents whose resources may be very limited 20 21. In some cases child neglect can occur even when adequate resources are present depending on the context 22 23.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stunting risk of orphans by caregiver and living arrangement in low-income and middle-income countries

Finlay

Fink

McCoy

et al. 2016

J Epidemiol Community Health

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Early orphanhood constitutes a major risk for children's physical development in LMICs. However, the results suggest that the adverse effects of a parental loss can be mitigated if appropriate support is provided, indicating the potential benefits of the surviving parents staying with their children. The benefits of targeted social policies aimed at single fathers and grandparents supporting orphans may be significant.

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“…While some instability can translate into greater income and educational opportunities for young people and their families (Townsend et al. )—particularly given the prevalence of labor migration (Gaydosh ) and child fostering in South Africa (Akresh ; Serra )—on average children living apart from their biological parents fare worse than those living with at least one parent (Case and Ardington ; Case, Paxson, and Ableidinger ;Townsend et al. ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Instability in Parent–Child Coresidence and Adolescent Development in Urban South Africa

Marteleto

Cavanagh

Prickett

et al. 2016

Studies in Family Planning

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There is widespread recognition of the importance of family stability for child development. South Africa presents an interesting context in which to study the consequences of family instability because of the traditionally fluid nature of household composition due to labor migration, child fostering, and non-marital fertility. More recently, the HIV pandemic has added another source of instability. Within South Africa, however, patterns of instability differ markedly across racial groups. We use the Cape Area Panel Study (CAPS) data to examine the implications of changes in parent-child coresidence for educational and sexual development of young South Africans. We show that changes in maternal and paternal coresidence have implications for the timing of sexual initiation for both black and coloured adolescents. Maternal and paternal transitions also lead to poorer educational outcomes for coloured adolescents, but parental disruptions are not significantly related to educational outcomes for blacks. These findings suggest that the implications of coresidential instability vary by race, reflecting racial differences with respect to cultural, social, and economic conditions.

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Childhood Risk of Parental Absence in Tanzania

Cited by 33 publications

References 89 publications

The relationship between parental presence and child sexual violence: Evidence from thirteen countries in sub-Saharan Africa

The relationship between parental presence and child sexual violence: Evidence from thirteen countries in sub-Saharan Africa

Stunting risk of orphans by caregiver and living arrangement in low-income and middle-income countries

Instability in Parent–Child Coresidence and Adolescent Development in Urban South Africa

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