Childhood trauma and factors associated with depression among inpatients with cardiovascular disease

Abstract

AIMTo identify factors associated with depressive symptoms among inpatients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).METHODSThis is a cross-sectional study performed in a subsample of a large cross-sectional research that investigated affective disorders and suicide behaviour among inpatients hospitalized in non-surgical wards of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais from November 2013 to October 2015. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained through a structured interview and medical record review. Depression was assessed by the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, with scores ≥ 8 considered as positive screening for depression. We used the Fageström Test for Nicotine Dependence to characterize nicotine dependence. For assessing resilience and early-life trauma, we used the raw scores of the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, respectively.RESULTSAt endpoint, we included 137 subjects. Thirty-eight (27.7%) subjects presented depressive symptoms and nine (23.7%) of those were receiving antidepressant treatment during hospitalization. The female sex; a lower mean educational level; a greater prevalence of previous suicide attempts; a higher level of pain; a higher prevalence of family antecedents of mental disorders; a lower resilience score; and higher childhood trauma score were the factors significantly associated with screening positive for major depression (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the factors independently associated with the depressive symptoms were a higher childhood trauma severity (OR = 1.06; P = 0.004); moderate to severe nicotine dependence (OR = 8.58; P = 0.008); and the number of previous hospital admissions (OR = 1.11; P = 0.034). The obtained logistic model was considered valid, indicating that the three factors together distinguished between having or not depressive symptoms, and correctly classified 74.6% of individuals in the sample.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrate that inpatients presenting both CVD and a positive screening for depression are more prone to have antecedents of childhood trauma, nicotine dependence and a higher number of previous hospitalizations.

Perceived discrimination is associated with the inflammatory response to acute laboratory stress in women at risk for cardiovascular disease

“…Level of subjective social status was moderate in the sample ( M = 5.7, SD = 2.0) with AA women reporting lower levels of ( M = 5.2, SD = 2.2) compared to their NHW counterparts ( M = 6.2, SD = 1.6), F (1,96) = 7.2, p = 0.009. The means observed for the CTQ scales were higher than those reported in older adults 61 and there were no significant differences between AA and NHW for any of the CTQ subscales. The mean CES-D score (M = 11.6, SD = 9.1) was low with no differences between AA and NHW women in depressive symptoms.…”

Association of Youth Depression With Subsequent Somatic Diseases and Premature Death

“…Our results may serve as a useful foundation for further research on the complex etiologic factors and sequelae of this mental disorder, as well as on the causal mechanisms underlying the associations found in this study. It is important for future studies to establish whether the observed increased health problems follow causally from depression, stem from shared genetic [33][34][35] or environmental risk factors, 36,37 or whether the associations are due to reverse causality. Furthermore, these results could guide clinical intervention, risk assessment, and prediction tools tailored to young patients with depression.…”

Resilience and Depressive Symptoms in Adults With Cardiac Disease

“…47,48 Four studies included patients with "cardiac diagnoses," which included CHD, HF, atrial fibrillation, and/or arrythmia. [49][50][51][52] One study examined patients who were admitted to a cardiac rehabilitation program with a cardiac diagnosis. 53…”

“…Details on validity and reliability of each resilience scale are provided in Table 1. Five studies used the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale, either 13-, 14-, or 25-item versions, [47][48][49]51,52,54 first established from a qualitative study of 24 women who had adapted successfully after a major adverse event. 61 From their narratives, 5 interrelated components were identified that constitute resilience: equanimity, perseverance, self-reliance, meaningfulness, and existential aloneness.…”