Childhood Trauma and Hippocampal and Amygdalar Volumes in First-Episode Psychosis

Hoy, Katrina; Barrett, Suzanne; Shannon, Ciarán; Campbell, Clodagh; Watson, David; Rushe, Teresa; Shevlin, Mark; Bai, Feng; Cooper, Stephen; Mulholland, Ciaran

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr085

Cited by 84 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In this population, decreased (left) hippocampal volume is associated with childhood adversity [107], as well as with increased emotional stress reactivity [108] and diurnal cortisol levels [109]. Furthermore, psychotic samples also demonstrate increased regional blood flow in the hippocampus in response to exogenous cortisol administration [110].…”

Section: Hippocampusmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The traumagenic neurodevelopmental model of psychosis revisited

Read¹,

Fosse²,

Moskowitz³

et al. 2014

Neuropsychiatry

207

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryEvidence that childhood adversities are risk factors for psychosis has accumulated rapidly. Research into the mechanisms underlying these relationships has focused, productively, on psychological processes, including cognition, attachment and dissociation. In 2001, the traumagenic neurodevelopmental model sought to integrate biological and psychological research by highlighting the similarities between the structural and functional abnormalities in the brains of abused children and adults diagnosed with

show abstract

Section: Hippocampusmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Volume Reductions, particularly on the left side [96] Reductions, particularly on the left side [105,106] Decreased (left) hippocampal volume associated with childhood adversity, with increased emotional stress reactivity and with deficits in episodic and semantic autobiographic memory [107,108,148] GR mRNA expression…”

Section: Hippocampusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The traumagenic neurodevelopmental model of psychosis revisited

Read¹,

Fosse²,

Moskowitz³

et al. 2014

Neuropsychiatry

207

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Volumetric reductions in the amygdala (Soloff et al 2008;Aas et al 2012a;Hoy et al 2012), hippocampus (Hoy et al 2012), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (Morandotti et al 2013) and in total grey matter (Sheffield et al 2013) have been reported among patients with psychotic disorders and borderline personality disorder with a history of childhood trauma compared with those without such a history. Structural brain changes as a result of childhood maltreatment have been associated with the severity of substance use relapse (Van Dam et al 2014), which may represent a significant problem given the high rates of such disorders reported among psychosis and borderline personality disorder cohorts (Regier et al 1990;Trull et al 2000).…”

Section: Brain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood trauma and functional disability in psychosis, bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder: a review of the literature

Cotter

Kaess

Yung

2014

Ir. j. psychol. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives. We aimed to examine the association between childhood trauma and functional impairment in psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder, to speculate on possible mechanisms that underlie this association and discuss the implications for clinical work.Methods. Narrative review of the peer-reviewed English language literature in the area.Results. High rates of childhood trauma in psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder were identified. This was associated with impaired social and occupational functioning in both the premorbid and established phases of each of these psychiatric disorders over and above the deficits typically observed in these populations. Possible mechanisms mediating this relationship include neurocognitive deficits, insecure attachment, higher rates of comorbidities and problems with adherence and response to treatment. Conclusions.Routine clinical inquiry about childhood maltreatment should be adopted within mental health settings. This has potentially important treatment implications for identifying those individuals at elevated risk of functional disability. While there is no clear guidance currently available on how to target childhood trauma in the treatment of psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder, there are several promising lines of enquiry and further research is warranted.

show abstract

“…57 These pro-inflammatory alterations may be especially present in patients with a history of early life adversity 58 or later exposure to psychosocial stressors, 58 resulting in reduced BDNF mRNA levels, possibly linking early life adversity to brain changes in numerous relevant areas. 58 For example, in patients with first-episode psychosis, CT may be associated with reduced left hippocampal volume 58,59 and right and left amygdala volumes, 59 which may underlie the reported worse cognitive performance in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who report CT, compared with their nontraumatized counterparts. 60,61 Interaction With Genetic Liability?…”

Section: Underlying Mechanism: Psychology Meets Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Trauma as a Cause of Psychosis: Linking Genes, Psychology, and Biology

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies have provided robust evidence for an association between childhood trauma (CT) and psychosis. Meta-analyses have quantified the association, pointing to odds ratios in the order of around 3, and prospective studies have shown that reverse causation is unlikely to explain the association. However, more work is needed to address the possibility of a gene-environment correlation, that is, whether genetic risk for psychosis predicts exposure to CT. Nevertheless, multiple studies have convincingly shown that the association between CT and psychosis remains strong and significant when controlling for genetic risk, in agreement with a possible causal association. In addition, several studies have shown plausible psychological and neurobiological mechanisms linking adverse experiences to psychosis, including induction of social defeat and reduced self-value, sensitization of the mesolimbic dopamine system, changes in the stress and immune system, and concomitant changes in stress-related brain structures, such as the hippocampus and the amygdala, findings that should be integrated, however, in more complex models of vulnerability. It is currently unclear whether genetic vulnerability plays a role in conferring the mental consequences of adversity, and which genes are likely to be involved. The current, limited evidence points to genes that are not specifically involved in psychosis but more generally in regulating mood (serotonin transporter gene), neuroplasticity (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), and the stress-response system (FKBP5), in line with a general effect of CT on a range of mental disorders, rather than suggesting specificity for psychosis. W W W Traumatisme d'enfance comme cause de psychose : lier gènes, psychologie et biologieDes études récentes ont produit de solides données probantes de l'association entre un traumatisme d'enfance (TE) et la psychose. Des méta-analyses ont quantifié l'association, chiffrant les rapports de cotes de l'ordre de 3, et des études prospectives ont montré que la causalité inverse n'est pas susceptible d'expliquer l'association. Cependant, il faut plus de travaux pour étudier la possibilité d'une corrélation gène-environnement, c'est-à-dire, si le risque génétique de psychose prédit l'exposition au TE. Néanmoins, de nombreuses études ont démontré de façon convaincante que l'association entre TE et psychose demeure forte et significative lors d'un contrôle pour le risque génétique, ce qui concorde avec une possible association causale. En outre, plusieurs études ont démontré des mécanismes psychologiques et neurobiologiques plausibles qui lient les expériences indésirables à la psychose, notamment l'induction de la défaite sociale ou de l'estime de soi réduite, la sensibilisation du système de dopamine mésolimbique, les changements du système de stress et immunitaire, et les changements concomitants des structures cérébrales liées au stress, comme l'hippocampe et l'amygdale. Ces résultats devraient toutefois être intégrés à des modèles de vulnérabilité plus com...

show abstract

Childhood Trauma and Hippocampal and Amygdalar Volumes in First-Episode Psychosis

Abstract: The findings indicate that childhood trauma is associated with neuroanatomical measures in FEP. Future research controlling for childhood traumatic experiences may contribute to explaining brain morphology in people with psychosis.

Cited by 84 publications

References 36 publications

The traumagenic neurodevelopmental model of psychosis revisited

The traumagenic neurodevelopmental model of psychosis revisited

Childhood trauma and functional disability in psychosis, bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder: a review of the literature

Childhood Trauma as a Cause of Psychosis: Linking Genes, Psychology, and Biology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About