Childhood trauma and substance use underlying psychosis: a systematic review

Setién-Suero, Esther; Suárez-Pinilla, Paula; Ferro, Adele; Tabarés‐Seisdedos, Rafael; Crespo‐Facorro, Benedicto; Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa

doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1748342

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In the last decades, early traumas have reached a particular research interest in mental health. In particular, trauma models of mental disorders have highlighted the effect of different kinds of stress during the early stages of life as key factors in the future development of psychiatric conditions [51].…”

Section: Childhood-related Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Focusing on the risk of developing primary psychosis, strong evidence has been found about childhood adversities and traumas in general [24,51]. Childhood adversities include child maltreatment (sexual, physical and emotional/psychological abuse, neglect) [13,15,[52][53][54], peer victimization (in particular bullying) [13,52,53], both active and passive [55], parental death [52,53], and parental separation [55].…”

Section: Childhood-related Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Primary Psychosis: Risk and Protective Factors and Early Detection of the Onset

et al. 2021

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Primary psychosis, which includes schizophrenia and other psychoses not caused by other psychic or physical conditions, has a strong impact worldwide in terms of disability, suffering and costs. Consequently, improvement of strategies to reduce the incidence and to improve the prognosis of this disorder is a current need. The purpose of this work is to review the current scientific literature on the main risk and protective factors of primary psychosis and to examine the main models of prevention, especially those related to the early detection of the onset. The conditions more strongly associated with primary psychosis are socio-demographic and economic factors such as male gender, birth in winter, ethnic minority, immigrant status, and difficult socio-economic conditions while the best-established preventive factors are elevated socio-economic status and an economic well-being. Risk and protective factors may be the targets for primordial, primary, and secondary preventive strategies. Acting on modifiable factors may reduce the incidence of the disorder or postpone its onset, while an early detection of the new cases enables a prompt treatment and a consequential better prognosis. According to this evidence, the study of the determinants of primary psychosis has a pivotal role in designing and promoting preventive policies aimed at reducing the burden of disability and suffering of the disorder.

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Section: Childhood-related Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Childhood-related Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Psychosis: Risk and Protective Factors and Early Detection of the Onset

et al. 2021

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“…Typically, a distinction is made between three, not mutually exclusive, mechanisms: (1) shared risk factors, (2) causal effects where poor mental health increases substance use, and (3) causal effects where substance use negatively affects mental health. As for mechanism 1, important non-genetic shared risk factors are the death of a loved one (Keyes et al, 2014 ) or (other) childhood trauma (Setién-Suero et al, 2020 ). Although note that these seemingly environmental factors might have a heritable component (Sallis et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Mendelian randomization analysis to better understand the relationship between mental health and substance use: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Background Poor mental health has consistently been associated with substance use (smoking, alcohol drinking, cannabis use, and consumption of caffeinated drinks). To properly inform public health policy it is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations, and most importantly, whether or not they are causal. Methods In this pre-registered systematic review, we assessed the evidence for causal relationships between mental health and substance use from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, following PRISMA. We rated the quality of included studies using a scoring system that incorporates important indices of quality, such as the quality of phenotype measurement, instrument strength, and use of sensitivity methods. Results Sixty-three studies were included for qualitative synthesis. The final quality rating was ‘−’ for 16 studies, ‘– +’ for 37 studies, and ‘+’for 10 studies. There was robust evidence that higher educational attainment decreases smoking and that there is a bi-directional, increasing relationship between smoking and (symptoms of) mental disorders. Another robust finding was that higher educational attainment increases alcohol use frequency, but decreases binge-drinking and alcohol use problems, and that mental disorders causally lead to more alcohol drinking without evidence for the reverse. Conclusions The current MR literature increases our understanding of the relationship between mental health and substance use. Bi-directional causal relationships are indicated, especially for smoking, providing further incentive to strengthen public health efforts to decrease substance use. Future MR studies should make use of large(r) samples in combination with detailed phenotypes, a wide range of sensitivity methods, and triangulate with other research methods.

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“…This in turn may be explained with the diathesis‐stress model, 75 where the accumulation of stressful life events causing psychosocial stress could precipitate the FEP 3,76 . Another environmental factor potentially related to psychosis onset is cannabis consumption, which in combination with childhood trauma contributes to a double hit that might influence the pathogenesis of the disease 77 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A family study on first episode of psychosis patients: Exploring neuropsychological performance as an endophenotype

Murillo-García

Díaz-Pons

Cacho

et al. 2022

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Introduction Family studies provide a suitable approach to analyzing candidate endophenotypes of schizophrenia, including cognitive features. Objective To characterize different neurocognitive functions in a group of patients with first episode of psychosis (FEP), their first‐degree relatives (parents and siblings), and healthy controls (HC), in order to identify potential endophenotypes for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Methods Participants were assessed in the context of a national project in Spain called PAFIP‐FAMILIAS. They completed the same neuropsychological battery, which included tests of verbal memory, visual memory, processing speed, working memory, executive functions, motor dexterity, attention, and theory of mind. Group comparisons were performed using one‐way ANOVA, followed by tests of multiple comparisons when appropriate. Results One hundred thirty‐three FEP patients were included, as well as 244 of their first‐degree relatives (146 parents and 98 siblings) and 202 HC. In general, relatives showed an intermediate performance between the HC and the FEP patients in all neurocognitive domains. However, the domains of executive functions and attention stood out, as relatives (especially parents) showed similar performance to FEP patients. This was replicated when selecting patients subsequently diagnosed with schizophrenia and their relatives. Conclusion These findings suggest that executive and attention dysfunctions might have a family aggregation and could be relevant cognitive endophenotypes for psychotic disorders. The study shows the potential of exploring intra‐family neuropsychological performance supporting neurobiological and genetic research in SSD.

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Childhood trauma and substance use underlying psychosis: a systematic review

Cited by 20 publications

References 73 publications

Primary Psychosis: Risk and Protective Factors and Early Detection of the Onset

Primary Psychosis: Risk and Protective Factors and Early Detection of the Onset

Using Mendelian randomization analysis to better understand the relationship between mental health and substance use: a systematic review

A family study on first episode of psychosis patients: Exploring neuropsychological performance as an endophenotype

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