Childhood Trauma as a Public Health Issue

Lambert, Hilary K.; Meza, Rosemary D.; Martin, Prerna; Fearey, Eliot; McLaughlin, Katie A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46138-0_3

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Serious and pervasive consequences of early adversity can occur across the lifespan, increasing the likelihood of all forms of physical ill health and psychopathology, as well as detrimentally affecting a wide range of developmental outcomes including communicative and social functioning (Lambert et al 2017).…”

Section: Consequences Of Maltreatment On the Developing Childmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aspects such as timing and chronicity of exposure to maltreatment, nature of maltreatment and relationship to the perpetrator are also considered critical variables (Goldbeck and Jensen 2017). Experiencing interpersonal violence or witnessing it in relation to a key attachment figure is considered particularly likely to lead to complex, pervasive and sustained developmental sequelae (Lambert et al 2017). Prolonged or repeated exposure to severe stressors, especially without the ability to escape or avoid the maltreatment (such as in the case of abuse of a young child by an attachment figure) heightens risk of multiple morbidity (Osofsky et al 2017).…”

Section: Consequences Of Maltreatment On the Developing Childmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maltreated and Traumatized Children and Young People

McCool

2021

Handbook of Pragmatic Language Disorders

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This chapter starts by reviewing what childhood adversity is understood to encompass, with a particular focus on trauma and maltreatment. We consider how commonly children encounter these adversities, as well as the proportion of affected children who go on to experience disrupted development. We then examine what is known about the mechanisms by means of which these effects operate. Progressively, there will be a focus on language and social communication in the context of childhood maltreatment. First, we critically examine what is known about the consequences of maltreatment on development of structural language, and then what research tells us about the impact of maltreatment on pragmatic language and social communication. Thereafter, the chapter reviews recommendations for adversity-informed language and communication assessment and intervention for traumatized and maltreated children and young people. The chapter ends with a look to possible future directions for research in this complex field, allied to advances in ecological rather than deficit-based models of practice and in understanding of the role of social cognition.

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Section: Consequences Of Maltreatment On the Developing Childmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consequences Of Maltreatment On the Developing Childmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maltreated and Traumatized Children and Young People

McCool

2021

Handbook of Pragmatic Language Disorders

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“…Evidence suggests that if young children develop PTSD, symptoms risk running a chronic course lasting for years ( 21 ). Early identification of trauma symptomatology in children and allocation of appropriate treatment are therefore crucial to prevent trauma symptomatology from persisting into adolescence and adulthood and prevent the detrimental effects of childhood trauma for the individual child and its family ( 22 , 23 ). Using a standardized and developmentally sensitive assessment instrument such as the DIPA can help identify preschool children in need of help after exposure to trauma.…”

Section: Ptsd In Preschool Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the Diagnostic Infant and Preschool Assessment in a Danish, trauma-exposed sample of young children

Løkkegaard

Elmose

Elklit

2019

Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology

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Background: There exist only few developmentally sensitive assessment instruments for identifying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other potentially comorbid affective and behavioral symptomatology in preschool children. Consequently, young children who exhibit post-trauma symptomatology risk not being identified and not receiving the appropriate treatment. One of the few instruments that exist is the Diagnostic Infant and Preschool Assessment (DIPA). Objective: To examine internal reliability and convergent validity of the Danish version of the DIPA, a semi-structured interview of caregivers about their child's mental health. Method: In total, 62 caregivers of trauma-exposed children aged 1-6 years were interviewed with the DIPA and completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: The children had experienced between one and eight traumas (Mdn = 3). Based on the DIPA, 48.4% of the children exhibited PTSD. The DIPA showed good to excellent internal consistency for the disorders of major depressive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, separation anxiety disorder and overall internal consistency of PTSD and reactive attachment disorder. Internal consistency was lower for each symptom cluster of PTSD and the overall consistency of sleep disorder with Cronbach's alpha ranging between 0.54 and 0.69. Correlations between continuous scores of eight disorders of the DIPA and SDQ scales provided support for convergent validity of the DIPA. Conclusion:The study provides preliminary evidence to support the Danish version of DIPA as a valid measure of symptoms of young children exposed to psychological trauma. As a standardized assessment tool, the DIPA can aid in early and structured assessment of young children exposed to trauma and can help guide treatment for those in need.

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“…Childhood trauma is one of the most critical risk factors for mental health problems [11,12] and criminal behaviors [13]. Childhood trauma has been generally considered to be a destabilizing factor leading to the onset of psychotic symptoms and increasing biological vulnerability to the development of psychiatric disorders [14]. A growing number of researchers have identified that PLWH experience more childhood trauma than the general population [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health characteristics and their associations with childhood trauma among subgroups of people living with HIV in China

et al. 2022

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Background People living with HIV (PLWH) carry a high risk for mental health problems, which has been extensively reported in the literature. However, an understanding of mental health characteristics in different subgroups of PLWH is still limited. In the present study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey to explore mental health characteristics and their associations with childhood trauma in two major subgroups of PLWH in China. Methods A total of 533 PLWH (213 prisoners in the prison system, and 320 outpatients) were assessed using the 8-item Positive Subscale of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-P8), Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Results From the total sample, 22.0% PLWH frequently experienced psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), 21.8% had clinically significant anxiety syndrome, 34.0% had clinically significant depressive syndrome, and 63.6% experienced at least one type of traumatic exposure during their childhood, with physical neglect being the most common. Compared to outpatients with HIV, prisoners living with HIV reported more severe mental health problems and a higher frequency of childhood trauma, with childhood trauma in turn predicting higher risk for mental health problems. Similarly, among outpatients living with HIV, both childhood emotional and sexual abuse had predictive effects on all the three mental health problems. Conclusions The study suggests that PLWH have higher risk of anxiety, depression and PLEs, and childhood trauma could serve as predicting factors for such risks. In addition, childhood trauma may play distinct roles in predicting the risk for the mental health problems, depending on different subgroup of PLWH.

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Childhood Trauma as a Public Health Issue

Cited by 10 publications

References 101 publications

Maltreated and Traumatized Children and Young People

Maltreated and Traumatized Children and Young People

Validation of the Diagnostic Infant and Preschool Assessment in a Danish, trauma-exposed sample of young children

Mental health characteristics and their associations with childhood trauma among subgroups of people living with HIV in China

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