Childhood trauma: Methods for the identification of physeal fractures in nonadult skeletal remains

Verlinden, Petra; Lewis, Mary

doi:10.1002/ajpa.22732

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This impedes differentiation between some accidental and intentional traumas as they may both result in similar fracture types; for example, ulnar diaphyseal fractures may be produced during an accidental fall, or by a blow (i.e., parry fracture) (Judd 2008;Judd and Redfern 2012). Finally, barring the application of destructive analyses (e.g., Boer et al 2012) or indirect inference of age from fractures sustained at particular developmental stages (Duchesneau and Fallat 1996;Lovejoy and Heiple 1981;Verlinden and Lewis 2015), it is typically not possible to determine the age at which many healed fractures were sustained, or in the case of multiple fractures, if the injuries occurred simultaneously or resulted from multiple events.…”

Section: Fracture Recording and Radiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered Differences in Accidental Trauma to Upper and Lower Limb Bones at Aquincum, Roman Hungary

Gilmour

Gowland

Roberts

et al. 2015

International Journal of Paleopathology

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Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractIt is hypothesized that men and women living in the border provinces of the Roman Empire may have encountered different physical dangers associated with variation in their occupations and activities. Limb bone trauma data were used to assess sex-based differences in physical hazards and evidence for fracture healing and treatment. Two hundred and ten skeletons were examined from a late 1 st to early 4 th century AD cemetery at Aquincum (Budapest, Hungary). Upper and lower limb bone fracture types, frequencies, distributions, and associated complications were recorded, and gendered patterns in injury risks were explored. Of the 23 fractures identified, both sexes had injuries indicative of falls; males exhibited the only injuries suggestive of higherenergy and more direct forces. Most fractures were well-healed with few complications. The extremity trauma at Aquincum suggests that people buried here experienced less hazardous physical activities than at other Roman provincial sites. The patterns of trauma indicate that "traditional" gender roles were in place, whereby male civilians participated in more physically dangerous activities than females. Additionally, treatment may have been equally accessible to men and women, but certain fracture types proved more challenging to reduce using the techniques available.

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Section: Fracture Recording and Radiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gendered Differences in Accidental Trauma to Upper and Lower Limb Bones at Aquincum, Roman Hungary

Gilmour

Gowland

Roberts

et al. 2015

International Journal of Paleopathology

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“…Two cases of trauma were found in the subadult assemblage (4.7%). The first case was a 2‐ to 3‐year‐old with a moderate ante mortem fracture on distal epiphysis of the right radius that was mostly healed by the time of death and likely resulted in joint misalignment or angulation (Verlinden & Lewis, ) (Figure ). This was the only skeletal element of the individual's arm, making direct observation of the elbow joint impossible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests a healed disarticulation of either the radius or ulna; however, neither bone was recovered from the site, so additional observation is impossible. Verlinden & Lewis () note that in modern children, epiphysial fractures in the elbow joint are usually associated with accidental falls, suggesting that these injuries were likely unintentional in nature, possibly due to accidental fall while learning to walk. This may be an additional risk factor for subadults 1.5–3 years old who are becoming increasingly mobile and placed at risk for accidental trauma and exposure to dangerous elements.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subadult Age at Death and Health Status at Niah Cave, Borneo (1500–200 bc)

Schrenk

2017

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Southeast Asia's transition to rice agriculture is often used as an exception to the general pattern of health decline at the agricultural transition. Niah Cave is the largest known Southeast Asian Neolithic cemetery, providing valuable information about subadult health during the agricultural transition in this region. This study examines the health status and mortuary treatment of subadult skeletal remains (Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI) = 49) from the Neolithic cemetery of Niah Cave, Sarawak, Malaysia (1500–200 bc). This study found that few cases of cribra orbitalia (4.6%) and porotic hyperostosis (14%). However, nonspecific infections may have been a risk factor for subadults as over half (65%) died with active cases of periosteal reactions on their long bones. Differential diagnosis determined that possible factors for this include parasite load, rickets and scurvy. Mortuary practices indicate that subadults may have been treated differently in phases 1 and 2 but were grated similar mortuary treatment in phases 3 and 4. This study suggests that changes in mobility patterns may have placed subadults at risk for increased parasite load and vitamin deficiency, while the role of subadults within the community may have changed over time. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Although not carried out in a deceased population, the study of Liversidge et al (2010) has important implications for the dental aging methods employed in paleopathological contexts and is therefore included in this review: using panorex radiographs from 946 living children 3-16 years old, they assessed four dental maturity scales and 15 aging methods based on individual teeth. The remaining two studies with 500+ individuals used radiographs to assess findings identified first on macroscopic examination (Brickley et al, 2018;Verlinden & Lewis, 2015). Individuals evaluated ranged in age from fetal to 19 years (for examples of the range, see Adams et al, 2019;Beyer-Olsen & Risnes, 1994;Brickley et al, 2018;Cowgill, 2007;Gaither, 2012;Geber, 2014;Newman et al, 2019;Newman & Gowland, 2017).…”

Section: Overview and Descriptive Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric paleoradiology: Applications and best practice protocols for image acquisition and reporting

Schaik

Tsai

Liston

et al. 2022

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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This paper aggregates and summarizes studies that use paleoradiology techniques in the analysis of pediatric remains. Building on these findings, we offer evidence-based, best-practice protocols for the use of radiographic techniques in the assessment of pediatric remains from archaeological contexts. We also provide a recommended reporting worksheet for recording findings in a standardized way. After reviewing studies of pediatric remains that used radiographic techniques, with a focus on three major bioarchaeological journals, PubMed, and the Yearbook of Mummy Studies, we identified areas for improvement in the acquisition and reporting of paleoradio-

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Childhood trauma: Methods for the identification of physeal fractures in nonadult skeletal remains

Abstract: This study highlights the potential for recognizing physeal fractures in children of all ages, enhancing our understanding of nonadult trauma, and enabling us to assign a more precise age of the injury to build up a picture of their activities in the past.

Cited by 17 publications

References 51 publications

Gendered Differences in Accidental Trauma to Upper and Lower Limb Bones at Aquincum, Roman Hungary

Gendered Differences in Accidental Trauma to Upper and Lower Limb Bones at Aquincum, Roman Hungary

Subadult Age at Death and Health Status at Niah Cave, Borneo (1500–200 bc)

Pediatric paleoradiology: Applications and best practice protocols for image acquisition and reporting

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