Childhood traumatic grief counselling: A South African case study

The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for prolonged grief symptoms in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

“…Generally, treatments ranged from 7 to 20 weeks ( n = 20), with weekly sessions ( n = 15) lasting between 45 min and 120 min ( n = 14). Furthermore, the analyzed studies used individual approaches ( n = 12; Allen et al, 2012; Boelen et al, 2021; Brown et al, 2004, 2019; Cohen et al, 2004, 2006; Haine & Knoetze, 2021; Kerig et al, 2010; Stevens & Michael, 2014; Spuij et al, 2013, 2015), group therapies ( n = 5; Barron & Abdallah, 2017; Layne, Pynoos, et al, 2001; Saltzman et al, 2001; Thurman et al, 2017), or both individual and group approaches ( n = 3) (Dorsey et al, 2020; O’Donnell et al, 2014; Salloum & Overstreet, 2008, 2012). Moreover, some studies also included child-caregiver conjoint sessions ( n = 8; Allen et al, 2012; Brown et al, 2004, 2019; Cohen et al, 2004; Dorsey et al, 2020; Haine & Knoetze, 2021; O’Donnell et al, 2014; Rachamim, 2017) and/or caregiver sessions ( n = 13; Boelen et al, 2021; Brown et al, 2004, 2019; Cohen et al, 2004, 2006; Dorsey et al, 2020; Kerig et al, 2010; Rachamim, 2017; Salloum & Overstreet, 2008, 2012; Spuij et al, 2013, 2015; Stevens & Michael, 2014).…”

“…Haine and Knoetze (2021), used some projective measures to evaluate the efficacy of treatment in the exposure and management of traumatic memories and trauma-related emotions. The authors utilized the Draw-A-Person (Goodenough, 1926) to identify the personality and cognition of children and adolescents using art supplies in producing drawings representing a man, a woman, and themselves.…”

“…All 20 studies conducted CBT-based treatments specifically developed or adapted for dealing with prolonged grief symptoms in the pediatric population, such as trauma-focused CBT ( n = 7; Allen et al, 2012; Brown et al, 2019; Dorsey et al, 2020; Haine & Knoetze, 2021; Kerig et al, 2010; O’Donnell et al, 2014; Stevens & Michael, 2014), trauma and grief focused CBT ( n = 7; Brown et al, 2004; Cohen et al, 2004, 2006; Layne, Pynoos, et al, 2001; Salloum & Overstreet, 2008, 2012; Saltzman et al, 2001), CBT for PGD ( n = 3; Boelen et al, 2021; Spuij et al, 2013, 2015), and other CBT-based programs ( n = 3; Barron & Abdallah, 2017; Rachamim, 2017; Thurman et al, 2017).…”

“…Regarding the remaining six studies with no reported effect sizes, almost all of them ( n = 5) reported significant score reductions in almost all measures, mostly from above clinical cutoffs to below “at risk” cutoffs (Allen et al, 2012; Brown et al, 2004; Kerig et al, 2010; Rachamim, 2017; Stevens & Michael, 2014). The study of Haine and Knoetze (2021), being qualitative in nature, did not employ instruments to quantitatively measure prolonged grief symptomology, though the qualitative assessment highlighted the effectiveness of the applied CBT.…”

“…risk" cutoffs (Allen et al, 2012;Brown et al, 2004;Kerig et al, 2010;Rachamim, 2017;Stevens & Michael, 2014). The study of Haine and Knoetze (2021), being qualitative in nature, did not employ instruments to quantitatively measure prolonged grief symptomology, though the qualitative assessment highlighted the effectiveness of the applied CBT.…”