Childhood violence and mental health among indigenous Sami and non-Sami populations in Norway: a SAMINOR 2 questionnaire study

Hansen, Ketil Lenert; Schei, Berit; Sørlie, Tore; Stigum, Hein; Bjertness, Espen; Jávo, Cecilie

doi:10.1080/22423982.2018.1508320

Cited by 22 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…However, that study did not focus on the relationship between the victim and the abuser. Another study found an association between childhood abuse and mental health symptoms in adulthood (27). To our knowledge, there has not been any population-based study on IPV alone or IPV in combination with CV in Sami and non-Sami populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

WITHDRAWN: Intimate partner violence and mental health problems among Sami and non-Sami in Norway – the SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey.

Eriksen¹,

Melhus²,

Jacobsen³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Mental health problems is an important contributor to the global burden of disease. Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and violence in childhood (CV) is associated with mental health problems. These issues are scarcely studied among the Sami. This study estimates the prevalence of IPV and its association to mental health problems among Sami and non-Sami, and whether the effect of IPV on mental health was altered by exposure to CV. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study estimating IPV and its association to mental health problems among Sami and non-Sami in Norway. Methods: This study was based on the cross-sectional SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey, a part of the Population-based Study on Health and Living Conditions in Regions with Sami and Norwegian Populations – the SAMINOR Study. Pearson’s chi-square tests and two-sample t-tests were used for testing differences between groups and multiple linear regression analysis was applied to explore the association between IPV/CV and mental health problems (continuous scores of psychological distress and symptoms of post-traumatic stress). Results: A total of 12.8% of women and 2.0% of men reported to have experienced any IPV (emotional, physical, and/or sexual). A significantly higher proportion of Sami women reported exposure to emotional (12.4% vs. 9.5%, p=.003), physical (11.6% vs. 6.9%, p<.001), and any IPV (17.2% vs. 11.8%, p<.001) compared to non-Sami women. There were no ethnic differences in sexual IPV among women (2.1% vs. 1.8%, p=.5). The study demonstrated that being exposed to emotional, physical, or sexual IPV is associated with mental health problems. The most severe mental health problems were observed among those who reported both IPV and CV. There were no ethnic differences in the association between the different types of IPV and mental health problems, and we observed overall similar results among men and women. Conclusions: The most severe mental health problems were observed for those who were exposed to both IPV and CV. It is therefore important for victims of IPV to address experiences of violence in childhood. The effect that IPV and CV have on mental health problems seems to be same, regardless of ethnicity and gender.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

WITHDRAWN: Intimate partner violence and mental health problems among Sami and non-Sami in Norway – the SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey.

Eriksen¹,

Melhus²,

Jacobsen³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Mental health stigma is stronger, and the Sami are more frequently using traditional treatment forms [6]. Discrimination and childhood violence are more frequently reported with their negative effects upon mental distress [7–9]. A rigorous Norwegian assimilation policy, which included use of boarding schools where the Sami language was forbidden, took place particularly between 1860 and 1960.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the SAMINOR 2 study, psychological distress was significantly higher in both Sami women (15.8 vs 13.0%) and men (11.4 vs 8.0%). Also posttraumatic stress symptoms were higher in the Sami: in women 16.2 versus 12.4 and 12.2 versus 9.1 in men [9]. However, these differences were small to negligible after adjustment for education, income, discrimination and resilience [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Norwegian Sami and non-indigenous individuals understand questions about mental health similarly? A SAMINOR 2 study

Sørlie

Hansen

Friborg

2018

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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The Western culturally developed Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-10) is a self-report measure of mental distress widely used for both clinical and epidemiological purposes – also in the multiethnic epidemiological SAMINOR studies in Northern Norway, but without any proper cross-cultural validation. Our objective was to test invariance of the HSCL-10 measurements among Sami and the non-indigenous majority population in Northern Norway (participants in the SAMINOR 2 study) and whether the previously used HSCL-10 cut-off level (1.85) fits the Sami subgroups in the study. Participants belonged to Sami core, Sami affiliation, Sami background or majority Norwegian groups. The confirmatory factor analysis framework adapted for testing of measurement invariance showed no significant measurement invariance between the groups indicating that the HSCL-10 response scale predominantly was used in the same way and that significantly different meanings were not ascribed to the same set of questions. The cut-off criteria of 1.85 as indicative of psychological distress based on Norwegian data equal a score of 1.89, 1.94 and 1.91 in the Sami core, Sami affiliation and Sami background groups, respectively. Thus, the same cut-off criterion 1.85 may be safely used in all groups. However, one should still be looking for culture-specific expressions of mental stress.

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“…An abbreviated three-item version covering these domains were included in SAMINOR 2 (rated as 1-yes, but rarely, 2-sometimes and 3-often). This version has previously been used in the Nordic Study (Wijma, Schei, Swahnberg, Hilden, et al, 2003), in an European study on pregnant women (Schei et al, 2014), as well as in a previous sub-study of the SAMINOR 2 showing that childhood violence was strongly associated with posttraumatic stress in adulthood in both Sámi and non-Sámi populations (Eriksen et al, 2018). A principal component analysis of the three IES items yielded a single component with an eigenvalue 1 ( R -sq = 66.6%), thus supporting the creation of a single sum score.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies also report more frequent episodes of interpersonal violence during childhood, with women being particularly exposed (Eriksen et al, 2015). Those exposed, reported more mental distress and posttraumatic symptoms as adults (Eriksen et al, 2018), and more chronic pain (Eriksen et al, 2016). As such incidents may have occurred in school settings, as well as in homes, those with a boarding school history may have been at particular risk given the accumulation of ethnic- and school-related strains in these environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Childhood Boarding School Experiences Predict Health, Well-Being and Disability Pension in Adults? A SAMINOR Study

Friborg

Sørlie

Schei

et al. 2020

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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Indigenous Sámi and Kven minority children in Norway were during the 20th century placed at boarding schools to hasten their adoption of the Norwegian majority language and culture. This is the first population-based study examining health, well-being and disability pension rates among these children. Data stem from two epidemiological studies conducted in 2003/04 (SAMINOR 1) and 2012 (SAMINOR 2) by the Centre for Sami Health Research. The SAMINOR 1 study included N = 13,974 residents (50.1% women, Mage = 52.9 years) and n = 2,125 boarding participants (49.6% women, Mage = 56.2 years). The SAMINOR 2 part included N = 10,512 residents (55.5% women, Mage = 47.6 years) and n = 1246 boarding participants (48.7% women, Mage = 54.1 years). Main outcome measures are mental and general health, well-being and disability pension linearly regressed upon the predictors. We observed minor differences between boarding and non-boarding participants that generally disfavored the former, of which many disappeared after covariate adjustment. Boarding school participants reported more discrimination, violence, unhealthier lifestyle behavior (smoking), less education and household income compared to non-boarding participants. The exceptionally long timeframe between boarding school and the current outcome measures (40–50 years) is a likely reason for the weak associations. The study supports the international literature on health inequalities and highlights the risk of ill health following boarding school placement of indigenous or minority children. On a positive note, participants reporting stronger ethnic belonging (strong Sámi identity) were well protected, and even functioned better in terms of lower disability rates than majority Norwegians.

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Childhood violence and mental health among indigenous Sami and non-Sami populations in Norway: a SAMINOR 2 questionnaire study

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

WITHDRAWN: Intimate partner violence and mental health problems among Sami and non-Sami in Norway – the SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey.

WITHDRAWN: Intimate partner violence and mental health problems among Sami and non-Sami in Norway – the SAMINOR 2 Questionnaire Survey.

Do Norwegian Sami and non-indigenous individuals understand questions about mental health similarly? A SAMINOR 2 study

Do Childhood Boarding School Experiences Predict Health, Well-Being and Disability Pension in Adults? A SAMINOR Study

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