Childlessness in East and West Germany: Long-Term Trends and Social Disparities

Kreyenfeld, Michaela; Konietzka, Dirk

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44667-7_5

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Couples tend to have children or separate relatively quickly after marriage or cohabitation (Hart 2019; Lyngstad and Jalovaara 2010). Extant research on cohorts that largely align with our analytic sample (women born in the 1970s) shows that, among women who are currently or ever married, a relatively small share remain childless by age 40 in these three countries: 13 percent in the United States (Bachu 1999), 12 percent in Germany (Kreyenfeld and Konietzka 2017), and 23 percent in the United Kingdom (Berrington 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

His and Her Earnings Following Parenthood in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom

2020

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This article advances a couple-level framework to examine how parenthood shapes within-family gender inequality by education in three countries that vary in their normative and policy context: the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. We trace mothers’ share of couple earnings and variation by her education in the 10-year window around first birth, using long-running harmonized panel surveys from the 1990s and 2000s ( N = 4,117 couples and 28,488 couple-years) and an event study methodology that leverages within-couple variation in earnings pre- and post-birth. Our results show steep declines in her share of couple earnings following first birth across the three countries that persist over several years of follow-up. Declines are smallest in the United States, due to U.S. mothers’ higher employment and longer work hours. Declines are also smaller among female partners without a college degree in the United States, where mothers have less work-family support and fewer options to manage work and family on one income. Results shed light on how parenthood plays into gender inequality within couples, and how country context shapes couple dynamics and inequality across households.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

His and Her Earnings Following Parenthood in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom

2020

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“…Various maternal sociodemographic characteristics have often been used as a proxy for limited financial, personal, and social resources (Wanless et al, 2011). In Germany, earlier studies have shown relations between the following maternal sociodemographic characteristics and limited resources: having a baby before the age of 21 (Firk et al, 2018); a low level of education [lowest level of German secondary education qualification ("Hauptschulabschluss") or lower; Minello and Blossfeld, 2017]; having more than three children (Kreyenfeld and Konietzka, 2017). Further, neighborhood disadvantages may lead to a limited availability of social, institutional, and economic resources in the community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Maternal Parenting for Children’s Behavior Regulation in Environments of Risk

2020

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This study investigates the role of maternal parenting and subjective theories for associations between environmental risk and children's behavior regulation combining a qualitative and quantitative approach. Mothers of 113 primary school children (M = 10.06, SD = 0.86) in Germany completed questionnaires on parenting, environmental risk, and their child's behavior regulation. To test for associations, we applied hierarchical regression models. Further, we conducted nine focus groups in settings of high and low environmental risk and used thematic analysis. Maternal warmth showed positive associations with children's behavior regulation. Restrictive maternal control and children's behavior regulation were related negatively. The negative association between environmental risk and children's behavior regulation was partly explained by restrictive maternal control. When maternal warmth was added into the model on environmental risk, restrictive maternal control, and children's behavior regulation, both maternal parenting practices lost its significant associations with children's behavior regulation. Qualitative findings gave insights into parents' subjective theories, suggesting adverse peer effects as possible explanation for the relation between environmental risk and children's behavior regulation. The results are discussed in terms of their contribution to theoretical considerations on behavior regulation development in different environmental risk settings.

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“…If fertility is associated with socioeconomic status and socioeconomic status persists within generations, this may lead to the observed intergenerational correlations between the number of siblings and expected or completed family size. For example, low economic status is often associated with a young age at first birth and a higher number of children Kreyenfeld and Konietzka 2017). The low socioeconomic status may be transferred to the children and result in earlier and more births.…”

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confidence: 99%

The influence of the number of siblings on expected family size in a cohort of young adults in Germany

Buhr¹,

Lutz²,

Peter³

2018

DemRes

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Childlessness in East and West Germany: Long-Term Trends and Social Disparities

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

His and Her Earnings Following Parenthood in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom

His and Her Earnings Following Parenthood in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom

The Role of Maternal Parenting for Children’s Behavior Regulation in Environments of Risk

The influence of the number of siblings on expected family size in a cohort of young adults in Germany

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