Children adopted from China: a prospective study of their growth and development

Abstract

Deprivation in experience in the first year of life has more long-lasting effects on physical growth than on mental development. The variable most consistently related to development was height-to-age ratio. As a measure of nutritional status, the findings reinforce the critical importance of early nutrition.

Early deprivation as a risk factor for narcissistic identity pathologies in adolescence with regard to international adoption

“…Such higher risk for suicide is consistent with the identity disorders often observed in infant psychiatry in the case of adolescents internationally adopted in infancy [14]. What is also clear is that length of preadoption time and severity of caregiving deprivation emerge as two predicting factors of delays in the development of neurological and age-level motor skills, and that the simple enrichment of the adopted child's environment following adoption proves insufficient to repair such damage beyond certain critical ages or sensitive periods [10,[15][16][17][18]. These sensitive periods and cutoff ages differ depending on the institution and country of origin according to the severity of deprivation to which the child has been exposed [19].…”

Intergenerational transmission of educational attainment in adoptive families in the Netherlands

“…In all likelihood, these children have at least received better prenatal and perinatal medical care than children that were registered for abortion due to poverty or drug abuse (Cohen, Lojkasek, Yaghoub Zadeh, Pugliese & Kiefer, 2008). Thus, we expect the deprivation in the country of birth to negatively influence the adopted child's educational attainment.…”

Child Growth: Concept Analysis

“…These are: maturation; physical, linear, longitudinal, physiological, motor growth; growth standard; weight gin; length speed. [12][13][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Basically, it refers to anthropometric changes expected to the child's age. Table 2 below presents the consequences of child growth, according to specific literature.…”

“…Table 2 below presents the consequences of child growth, according to specific literature. 29,[35][36] Gain in length; gain of weight 23,32,[36][37][38][39][40] Changes on weight and length 29 Gain of weight; relations: weight/age, weight/stature, stature/age 19,35,[41][42][43] Optimum gain of weight 42 High growth 44 Secular acceleration of weight and length 2 Changes in body tissue mass -muscle, fat, and bone 45 Anthropometric measures in patterns of normality 3 Adequate anthropometric indexes according to the child's age and sex established through growth curves 3 Performs general motor skills in accordance with the age pattern 13 Performs refined motor skills in accordance with the age pattern 13 Adequate initial sensorial capacities (touch, taste, smell, sight, hearing, and primitive reflexes) 46 Active and non-structured games increase the child's capacity for controlling movements 12 High Z length/age score [16][17] Duration and quality of sleep 47 High control of parents is decisive for the infants' eating habits 48 Evaluating the consequence "gain of weight" demands the identification of the variables of age, stature, and weight. 19,35,[41][42][43]49 The consequence of child growth "expresses anthropometric measures within the patterns of normality" comprises measures of weight, length, cephalic, and brachial circumferences, triceps, and subscapular skinfold thickness.…”