Children and adolescents with Down syndrome, physical fitness and physical activity

Pitetti, Kenneth H.; Baynard, Tracy; Agiovlasitis, Stamatis

doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2012.10.004

Cited by 153 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…These clinical characteristics may influence body fat and levels of fitness [25] and youth with DS continue to exhibit higher obesity and lower levels of fitness compared with their peers without disabilities, even those with intellectual disabilities without DS [26]. All these factors can explain these differences and require that the establishment of a preventive framework before practicing a sport and physical activity.…”

Section: What Really For a Young With Down Syndrome (Ds)?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapted Physical Activities and Down syndrome

Bricout¹

2015

J Down Syndr Chr Abnorm

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Sport, competition, performance are today essential values of our society. They oppose the image of disability, even more surely when it comes to mental disability. However, for almost 20 years now, the sport gradually welcomed these specific populations, diverse and rich differences. The benefits of physical activity and sport as recognized in the general population are now extended to people with special needs whether they are people with a trisomy 21, a diabetes or obesity, for examples.In Down Syndrome (D.S), the heterogeneity of the syndrome induced damage is even important depending on the type of trisomy, and medical management will therefore also very diverse. History of Sports and Mental HandicapHistorically, the management of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in sports activities dates from the late 19 th , under the leadership of Dr. Edouard Seguin (1812-1880) a French teacher and physician. This teacher advocated a physiological education based on educational games, and shed what would become later the sensori-motor stages, with the work of Jean Piaget. Dr. E Seguin incorporated a general training program that integrated muscular, imitative, nervous, and reflective physiological functions. Many techniques Seguin used in his programs, such as individualized instruction and behavior management, can be found in current practice, and so they are still recognized as relevant by care teams. In 1848, Seguin immigrated to the United States in 1848, and became a major reference teacher for educating individuals with retardation. Seguin's methods and positive results served as a foundation for similar efforts throughout Europe and America. Among those later influenced by his teaching methods was Maria Montessori (1870Montessori ( -1952, a pioneer in teaching children with and without disabilities.In United States of America, Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe (1801-1876) established the first public training facility in Boston. He was concerned about the conditions of persons with mental illness, persons with a hearing loss or who are blind, slaves, and groups of people who were politically oppressed throughout Europe. Both Seguin and Howe firmly believed in the importance of family and community, and wanted their schools to prepare children with disabilities to live with the rest of society.In parallel since the mid-1900s, beginning in Scandinavia, more and more countries have sought to deinstitutionalize persons with ID and to create appropriate community supports and inclusive community care settings for them. Sports activities grow as a means of education and therapy.Nevertheless, it will be necessary to wait for a slow evolution for young children with mental disabilities can be integrated into educational structures and later into sport practice structures.Until the 1960s, sport competition remains a contra-indicate for individuals with ID. The first published work concludes that competition (between disabled to non-disabled participants) was not recommended for people with ID [1][2][3]. Some results repor...

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Section: What Really For a Young With Down Syndrome (Ds)?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapted Physical Activities and Down syndrome

Bricout¹

2015

J Down Syndr Chr Abnorm

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“…Autonomic dysfunction, reduced ventilatory capacity, and metabolic dysfunction are the three physiological factors that potentially contribute to the low cardiorespiratory fitness levels among people with DS 9 . Moreover, sedentary behavior, associated with some features of this syndrome such as muscular hypotonia, prevalence of heart and pulmonary disease and circulatory system abnormalities, also contribute to this situation 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aerobic and resistance training on the cardiorespiratory fitness of young people with Down Syndrome

Seron

Modesto

Stanganélli

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Cineantropom. Desempenho Hum.

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-The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of aerobic and resistance training on the maximal and submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness of young people with Down Syndrome (DS). Forty-one individuals of both sexes with Down syndrome (age, 15.51±2.70 y) were divided into three groups: CG (control group) with 10 participants; ATG group (aerobic training group) with 16 participants; and RTG (resistance training group) with 15 participants. The training program lasted 12 weeks, with frequency of 3 days a week for ATG and two RTG, and duration of 50 minutes per session. Aerobic training consisted of exercise on a treadmill/bike at intensity between 50 and 70% of reserve heart rate, while resistance training was composed of nine exercises performed on three sets of 12 maximum repetitions for each exercise. Aerobic and resistance training were not able to increase peak oxygen uptake. However, there was an increase in the maximum ventilation and a decrease of submaximal heart rate only for groups who participated in the training program. Moreover, the aerobic group increased work capacity after training. Training programs led to an improvement in cardiac efficiency during submaximal activities and increased maximum ventilation, which demonstrates a cardiorespiratory improvement Key words: Cardiorespiratory fitness; Down syndrome; Physical exercise. Down (idade,15,51±2.70 Resumo -Objetivou-se investigar o efeito de 12 semanas de treinamento aeróbio e resistido na capacidade cardiorrespiratória máxima e submáxima de jovens com Síndrome de Down (SD). Quarenta e um indivíduos de ambos os gêneros com Síndrome de

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“…Particularly, motor disturbances, such as abnormal gait and posture adjustments, slow responses to environmental changes, incoordination, and co-contraction of agonistic and antagonistic muscles have been demonstrated [2][3][4]. Such motor disturbances caused by DS lead to limited physical activities and exercise experience, and, thereby, cause a delay in sensory development, concepts of movement, and social development [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of ankle function between adults with and without Down syndrome

Yoon¹,

Seo

et al. 2017

PTRS

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare ankle function between adults with and without Down syndrome (DS). Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ten adults with DS and 18 without participated in this study and underwent manual muscle test (MMT), range of motion (ROM) assessment, star excursion balance test (SEBT), and functional movement screen (FMS). The tests were demonstrated to increase their accuracy and the actual measurements were assessed after one or two demonstrations. To minimize the standby time and fatigue, the travelled distance and measuring order were adjusted. To remove the influence of shoes on the measurements, the shoes were taken off and only socks were worn. Results: Dorsal and plantar flexion MMTs of both ankles were significantly weaker and plantar flexion ROM of both ankles were significantly lower in adults with DS compared with those without (p<0.05). However, dorsal flexion ROM of both ankles were not significantly different between them. There were significant differences in distances measured in all the directions (anterior, anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral, posterior, posteromedial, medial, and anteromedial directions) of SEBT (p<0.05). Significant differences were also demonstrated in the scores of hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, and rotary stability among the seven items of FMS (p<0.05). Conclusions: To enhance the dynamic stability of adults with DS, it is necessary to improve ankle stability by strengthening the ankle dorsal and plantar flexors.

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Children and adolescents with Down syndrome, physical fitness and physical activity

Cited by 153 publications

References 93 publications

Adapted Physical Activities and Down syndrome

Adapted Physical Activities and Down syndrome

Effects of aerobic and resistance training on the cardiorespiratory fitness of young people with Down Syndrome

A comparison of ankle function between adults with and without Down syndrome

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