Children and Careers: How Family Size Affects Parents’ Labor Market Outcomes in the Long Run

Cools, Sara; Markussen, Simen; Strøm, Marte

doi:10.1007/s13524-017-0612-0

Cited by 70 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Zissimopoulos and Karoly (2010) examine the short-and longer-term effects of Hurricane Katrina on labor market outcomes by subgroup of evacuees. Beyond labor market outcomes, large economic and social events also influence fertility (Grossman and Slusky 2019; Seltzer 2019), marriage (Schneider and Hastings 2015), migration (Sastry and Gregory 2014) and children's well-being (Cools et al 2017;Schenck-Fontaine and Panico 2019).…”

Section: Related Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Disparities in Covid-19 Job Losses

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We make several contributions to understanding the socio-demographic ramifications of the COVID-19 epidemic and policy responses on employment outcomes of subgroups in the U.S., benchmarked against two previous recessions. First, monthly Current Population Survey (CPS) data show greater declines in employment in April and May 2020 (relative to February) for Hispanics, younger workers, and those with high school degrees and some college. Between April and May, all the demographic subgroups considered regained some employment. While in most cases the re-employment in May was proportional to the employment drop occurred through April, we show that this was not the case for Blacks. Second, we show that job loss was larger in occupations that require more interpersonal contact and that cannot be performed remotely. Third, we see that consistent with theories of occupational segregation, the extent to which workers of certain demographic groups sort (pre-COVID-19) into occupations and industries can explain a sizeable portion of the gender, race, and ethnic gaps in recent unemployment. However, there remain substantial unexplained differences in employment losses across groups even in these detailed decompositions. We also demonstrate the importance of tracking workers who report having a job but are absent from work, in addition to tracking employed and unemployed workers. We conclude with a discussion of policy priorities and future research needs implied by the disparities in labor market losses from the COVID-19 crisis that we identify.

show abstract

Section: Related Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Disparities in Covid-19 Job Losses

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To limit the number of factors and relationships we did not analyze infant and child mortality, gender roles and female labor force participation rates, which may all play a role [9,25,[92][93][94][95][96]. These factors seem likely to bear some relation to female education, contraceptive use and GDP per capita.…”

Section: Role Of Different Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human fertility in relation to education, economy, religion, contraception, and family planning programs

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The world population is expected to increase greatly this century, aggravating current problems related to climate, health, food security, biodiversity, energy and other vital resources. Population growth depends strongly on total fertility rate (TFR), but the relative importance of factors that influence fertility needs more study. Methods: We analyze recent levels of fertility in relation to five factors: education (mean school years for females), economy (Gross Domestic Product, GDP, per capita), religiosity, contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR), and strength of family planning programs. We compare six global regions: E Europe, W Europe and related countries, Latin America and the Caribbean, the Arab States, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia. In total, 141 countries are included in the analysis. We estimate the strength of relationships between TFR and the five factors by correlation or regression and present the results graphically. Results: In decreasing order of strength, fertility (TFR) correlates negatively with education, CPR, and GDP per capita, and positively with religiosity. Europe deviates from other regions in several ways, e.g. TFR increases with education and decreases with religiosity in W Europe. TFR decreases with increasing strength of family planning programs in three regions, but only weakly so in a fourth, Sub-Saharan Africa (the two European regions lacked such programs). Most factors correlated with TFR are also correlated with each other. In particular, education correlates positively with GDP per capita but negatively with religiosity, which is also negatively related to contraception and GDP per capita. Conclusions: These results help identify factors of likely importance for TFR in global regions and countries. More work is needed to establish causality and relative importance of the factors. Our novel quantitative analysis of TFR suggests that religiosity may counteract the ongoing decline of fertility in some regions and countries.

show abstract

“…If even smaller premiums exist and could not be detected here, however, it is worth to question what their substantial significance would be, especially when contrasted, on the other hand, with the order of magnitude of motherhood wage penalties (e.g. Gangl and Ziefle, 2009;Harkness, 2016;Kleven et al, 2018;Cools et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…For the former, I relied on well-established practices in the literature (e.g. Gangl and Ziefle, 2009;Bryan and Sevilla-Sanz, 2011;Kühhirt and Ludwig, 2012) and I can only note that my conclusions on fatherhood and wages are in line with those of studies using perhaps more precise register data, albeit for different countries (Kleven et al, 2018;Cools et al, 2017). Further, using fertility history files has enabled me to detect the precise timing of the transition to fatherhood, a crucial requirement for the event-study part of the analyses presented here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Fatherhood Wage Premium? A Cautionary Tale from Modified Male-Breadwinner Societies

Mari¹

2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The transition to parenthood deepens economic inequalities between women and men. In labour markets, motherhood leads to substantial wage penalties for women, whereas the wage progression of men marches on come fatherhood. Yet relatively little evidence exists on whether fatherhood grants men a wage premium or superior wages spur the transition to fatherhood instead. Also, most longitudinal studies have focused on theUS, neglecting a comparative perspective that may unravel the contextual underpinnings of fatherhood wage premiums (if any). I carry out here a comparative and longitudinal analysis of how fatherhood may affectmen's wages. Micro-level mechanisms supporting the idea of a wage premium - changes in men's work effort, couple specialization, and employer discrimination - are discussed in light of stability and changes in the institutional settings of two modi?ed male-breadwinner societies, the UK and Germany. Empirical evidence in this study, however, cannot support the idea of a causal premium for men, even in such contexts. Rather, I highlight the role of previously neglected sources of selection into fatherhood, particularly on the basis of prior wage growth.

show abstract

Children and Careers: How Family Size Affects Parents’ Labor Market Outcomes in the Long Run

Cited by 70 publications

References 46 publications

Determinants of Disparities in Covid-19 Job Losses

Determinants of Disparities in Covid-19 Job Losses

Human fertility in relation to education, economy, religion, contraception, and family planning programs

Is There a Fatherhood Wage Premium? A Cautionary Tale from Modified Male-Breadwinner Societies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About