Children are more susceptible to central fatigue than adults

Streckis, Vytautas; Skurvydas, Albertas; Ratkevičius, Aivaras

doi:10.1002/mus.20816

Cited by 61 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, in adults, any exercise at a short muscle length reduces the development of peripheral fatigue [35] and promotes the development of central fatigue [36]. Should these effects hold true in children, this could explain, at least in part, the results of studies reporting a lower peripheral fatigue and a greater central fatigue in prepubertal children and adolescents compared to adults [37,38]. However, the effect of muscle length on the development and etiology of neuromuscular fatigue should be confirmed in children and adolescents and a systematic comparison at the optimal angle should be considered when the effects of fatigue protocols are compared between children, adolescents and adults.…”

Section: Musculo-tendinous Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Progressive Withdrawal of Physiological Protections against High-Intensity Exercise-Induced Fatigue during Puberty?

Ratel

Martín

2015

Sports

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Puberty is characterized by a large number of physiological modifications that translate into increased neuromuscular fatigue during high-intensity exercise in adolescents compared to prepubertal children. This greater neuromuscular fatigue in adolescents could be attributed to peripheral (i.e., muscular) and central (i.e., nervous) factors that change through puberty. Among the peripheral changes are muscle mass, fiber type composition, energy metabolism and musculo-tendinous stiffness. Among the central modifications are the voluntary activation level, the antagonist co-activation and a differential interplay between central and peripheral fatigue. The objective of this review article will be to underline the importance of these factors on the development of neuromuscular fatigue during high-intensity exercise throughout puberty and to highlight that the adolescents could be physiologically less protected against fatiguing high-intensity exercise than their prepubertal counterparts.

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Section: Musculo-tendinous Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Progressive Withdrawal of Physiological Protections against High-Intensity Exercise-Induced Fatigue during Puberty?

Ratel

Martín

2015

Sports

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“…children have demonstrated a lower degree of central fatigue than adults during maximal isokinetic and isometric contractions [8,17]. On the other hand, children showed a greater reduction in the level of voluntary activation, as well as a smaller decrease in peripheral force generation capacity during a 2-min maximal isometric knee extension effort [18]. Hence, the available results are controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maturation-related differences in neuromuscular fatigue after a short-term maximal run

Äyrämö¹,

Vilmi²,

Mero³

et al. 2018

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. This study investigated maturation-related differences in neuromuscular fatigue after a short-term maximal run. Methods. Eight male children, eight adolescents, and eight adults performed a maximal ca. 50-s run (300/350/400 m, respectively). Mechanisms of neuromuscular fatigue were assessed through isometric plantar flexor tests, electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve, soleus electromyography, and blood tests. Results. All the groups showed a decrease in the running speed (children: -12.2 ± 6.5%; adolescents: -9.8 ± 5.1%; adults: -12.2 ± 3.1%), but only adults revealed a decline in the maximal isometric plantar flexor torque (-16.1 ± 13.0%). On the other hand, the relative pre-to post-fatigue change in the maximal isometric plantar flexor torque differed only between adults and adolescents. The peak torque in the passive twitch test decreased in adolescents (-19.2 ± 12.2%) and adults (-23.7 ± 13.7%). Moreover, post-fatigue minimum blood pH (children: 7.18 ± 0.03; adolescents: 7.14 ± 0.07; adults: 6.97 ± 0.06) differed between the groups. No changes were observed in the neural drive or mechanisms at the spinal level. Conclusions. Despite the loss of running speed, children showed no post-exercise fatigue, whereas adolescents and adults demonstrated fatigue at peripheral sites. central fatigue could not be established for the studied groups. Key words: children, maturation, neuromuscular fatigue, high-intensity exercise Citation: Äyrämö S, Vilmi N, Mero AA, Piirainen J, Nummela A, Pullinen T, Avela J, Linnamo V. Maturation-related differences in neuromuscular fatigue after a short-term maximal run.

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“…Although not all studies have demonstrated a lower motor-unit activation in children (Streckis et al 2007), Halin et al (2002) proposed that children's neuromuscular system may be more adaptive to a training stimulus, compared with that of adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do neuromuscular adaptations occur in endurance-trained boys and men?

Cohen

Mitchell

Dotan

et al. 2010

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Most research on the effects of endurance training has focused on endurance training's healthrelated benefits and metabolic effects in both children and adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the neuromuscular effects of endurance training and to investigate whether they differ in children (9.0-12.9 years) and adults (18.4-35.6 years). Maximal isometric torque, rate of torque development (RTD), rate of muscle activation (Q 30 ), electromechanical delay (EMD), and time to peak torque and peak RTD were determined by isokinetic dynamometry and surface electromyography (EMG) in elbow and knee flexion and extension. The subjects were 12 endurance-trained and 16 untrained boys, and 15 endurance-trained and 20 untrained men. The adults displayed consistently higher peak torque, RTD, and Q 30 , in both absolute and normalized values, whereas the boys had longer EMD (64.7 ± 17.1 vs. 56.6 ± 15.4 ms) and time to peak RTD (98.5 ± 32.1 vs. 80.4 ± 15.0 ms for boys and men, respectively). Q 30 , normalized for peak EMG amplitude, was the only observed training effect (1.95 ± 1.16 vs. 1.10 ± 0.67 ms for trained and untrained men, respectively). This effect could not be shown in the boys. The findings show normalized muscle strength and rate of activation to be lower in children compared with adults, regardless of training status. Because the observed higher Q 30 values were not matched by corresponding higher performance measures in the trained men, the functional and discriminatory significance of Q 30 remains unclear. Endurance training does not appear to affect muscle strength or rate of force development in either men or boys.

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Children are more susceptible to central fatigue than adults

Cited by 61 publications

References 30 publications

Is There a Progressive Withdrawal of Physiological Protections against High-Intensity Exercise-Induced Fatigue during Puberty?

Is There a Progressive Withdrawal of Physiological Protections against High-Intensity Exercise-Induced Fatigue during Puberty?

Maturation-related differences in neuromuscular fatigue after a short-term maximal run

Do neuromuscular adaptations occur in endurance-trained boys and men?

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