Children exposed to warfare: A longitudinal study

Dyregrov, Atle; Gjestad, Rolf; Raundalen, Magne

doi:10.1023/a:1014335312219

Cited by 192 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…War and terror attacks are highly painful events which shake people's basic sense of security and give rise to posttraumatic symptoms (e.g., Galea et al, 2004). Distress symptoms include delayed emotional and behavioral problems (Dyregrov, Gjestad, & Raundalen, 2002;Soffer-Dudek, 2015), posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), depression, anxiety and grief (Hadi, Llabre, & Spitzer, 2006) We hypothesized that distress symptoms would be negatively correlated with individual, community and national resilience among both Israeli Jewish and Arab students.…”

Section: Psychological Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience among Students from the Majority and Minority Group: The Israeli Case

Kimhi¹,

Dror²

2017

JPBS

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The current study examined levels of individual, community and national resilience as well as resilience protective and suppressing factors among Israeli Jewish (majority group) and Israeli Arab (minority group) students. Results indicated that Israeli Jewish students reported higher levels of individual, community and national resilience scale scores compared with Israeli Arab students. However, when resilience was measured as strength to vulnerability ratio, only individual resilience was significant. Results indicated a similar pattern of association between resilience protective and suppressive factors and measures of resilience. In addition, and as expected, Israeli Jewish students reported higher levels of sense of coherence, and reported higher quality of life. Israeli Arab students reported higher levels of distress symptoms and a higher level of exposure to terror. However, Israeli Jews reported a higher sense of danger compared with Israeli Arabs.

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Section: Psychological Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience among Students from the Majority and Minority Group: The Israeli Case

Kimhi¹,

Dror²

2017

JPBS

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“…A large research body indicates that they shake the basic sense of security and give rise to posttraumatic symptoms among adults [18,19] and teens [20]. These symptoms include delayed emotional and behavioral problems [21], posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), and depression, anxiety and grief [18]. In the current study, distress symptoms signify the vulnerability aspect of individual SVR.…”

Section: Ratio (Svr)mentioning

confidence: 76%

Demographic Characteristics and Sense of Danger Predicting New Measure of Individual Resilience Following a War

Kimhi¹,

Eshel²

2016

J Community Med Health Educ

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Four months after Israel's war with the Gaza Strip (2014) we distributed questionnaires to 510 adults: 251 civilians who live in southern Israel and have recently been threatened by massive missile fire, and 259 adults who live in northern Israel, which has not been under missile fire for the last eight years. The current study focuses on two issues: first, a new index to measure individual resilience based on recovery to distress symptoms ratio; second, examining five demographic characteristics and sense of danger as predictors of individual resilience. Path analysis indicated that individual resilience significantly correlated negatively with sense of danger and exposure (β=-0.34), and positively with level of religiosity (β=0.24) and income (β=0.17). Sense of danger mediated the associations between area of living, community size and level of exposure and individual resilience. Results are discussed in terms of the role of demographic characteristics with respect to individual resilience.

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“…PTSD symptoms were evaluated using the 13-item Children’s Revised Impact Event Scale (CRIES) (Dyregrov, Gjestad, & Raundalen, 2002). The scale covers the three core symptoms of re-experiencing (four items), avoidance (four items), and hyperarousal (five items).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family systems approach to attachment relations, war trauma, and mental health among Palestinian children and parents

Punamäki

Qouta²,

Peltonen

2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Trauma affects the family unit as a whole; however, most existing research uses individual or, at most, dyadic approaches to analyse families with histories of trauma. Objective: This study aims to identify potentially distinct family types according to attachment, parenting, and sibling relations, to analyse how these family types differ with respect to war trauma, and to explore how children’s mental health and cognitive processing differ across these family types. Method: Participants included Palestinian mothers and fathers (N = 325) and their children (one per family; 49.4% girls; 10–13 years old; mean ± SD age = 11.35 ± 0.57 years) after the Gaza War of 2008–2009. Both parents reported their exposure to war trauma, secure attachment availability, and parenting practices, as well as the target child’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms [Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)]. Children reported their symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (on the Children’s Revised Impact Event Scale), depression (Birleson), and SDQ, as well as their post-traumatic cognitions (Children’s Post Traumatic Cognitions Inventory). Results: A cluster analysis identified four family types. The largest type reflected secure attachment and optimal relationships (security and positive family relationships, 36.2%, n = 102), and the smallest exhibited insecurity and problematic relationships (insecurity and negative family relationships, 15.6%; n = 44). Further, families with discrepant experiences (23.0%; n = 65) and moderate security and neutral relationships (25.2%; n = 71) emerged. The insecurity and negative relationships family type showed higher levels of war trauma; internalizing, externalizing, and depressive symptoms among children; and dysfunctional post-traumatic cognitions than other family types. Conclusion: The family systems approach to mental health is warranted in war conditions, and therapeutic interventions for children should, thus, also involve parents and siblings. Knowledge of unique family attachment patterns is fruitful for tailoring therapeutic treatments and preventive interventions for war-affected children and families.

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Children exposed to warfare: A longitudinal study

Cited by 192 publications

References 36 publications

Resilience among Students from the Majority and Minority Group: The Israeli Case

Resilience among Students from the Majority and Minority Group: The Israeli Case

Demographic Characteristics and Sense of Danger Predicting New Measure of Individual Resilience Following a War

Family systems approach to attachment relations, war trauma, and mental health among Palestinian children and parents

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