Children exposure assessment to ultrafine particles and black carbon: The role of transport and cooking activities

Buonanno, Giorgio; Stabile, Luca; Morawska, Lidia; Russi, Aldo Giovanni Giuliano

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.041

Cited by 117 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In agreement with these findings, Mullen et al (2011) previously reported that cooking events were the most significant indoor sources (during normal occupancy) at six schools in California. The importance of cooking and eating activities was also demonstrated in more recent studies evaluating particle deposition in the alveolar and tracheobronchial region (Buonanno et al, 2011(Buonanno et al, , 2013bMazaheri et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Children’s Indoor Exposures to (Ultra)Fine Particles in an Urban Area: Comparison Between School and Home Environments

Slezáková

Texeira

Morais

et al. 2015

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Due to their detrimental effects on human health, scientific interest in ultrafine particles (UFP), has been increasing but available information is far from comprehensive. Children, who represent one of the most susceptible subpopulation, spend the majority of time in schools and homes. Thus, the aim of this study is to (1) assess indoor levels of particle number concentrations (PNC) in ultrafine and fine (20-1000 nm) range at school and home environments and (2) compare indoor respective dose rates for 3-to 5-yr-old children. Indoor particle number concentrations in range of 20-1000 nm were consecutively measured dur-ing 56 d at two preschools (S1 and S2) and three homes (H1-H3) situated in Porto, Portugal. At both preschools different indoor microenvironments, such as classrooms and canteens, were evaluated. The results showed that total mean indoor PNC as determined for all indoor microenvironments were significantly higher at S1 than S2. At homes, indoor levels of PNC with means ranging between 1.09 × 10 4 and 1.24 × 10 4 particles/cm 3 were 10-70% lower than total indoor means of preschools (1.32 × 10 4 to 1.84 × 10 4 particles/cm 3 ). Nevertheless, estimated dose rates of particles were 1.3-to 2.1-fold higher at homes than preschools, mainly due to longer period of time spent at home. Daily activity patterns of 3-to 5-yr-old children significantly influenced overall dose rates of particles. Therefore, future studies focusing on health effects of airborne pollutants always need to account for children's exposures in different microenvironments such as homes, schools, and transportation modes in order to obtain an accurate representation of children overall exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Children’s Indoor Exposures to (Ultra)Fine Particles in an Urban Area: Comparison Between School and Home Environments

Slezáková

Texeira

Morais

et al. 2015

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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“…Moreover, children tend to be more susceptible to UFPs toxicity particularly due to their immature respiratory systems and reduced lung function (Schwartz 2004). Although there has been some concern regarding the topic, which may be epitomized by several published studies (Buonanno et al 2013a, Buonanno et al 2013b, Cavaleiro Rufo et al 2015, Diapouli et al 2008, Fromme et al 2007, Morawska et al 2009, there are no studies assessing children exposure to UFPs in urban and rural primary schools in Portugal. However, Fonseca et al (2014) recently published a study concerning pre-school children exposure to UFPs in two urban and one rural pre-schools, where it was not only shown that children in urban pre-schools are more exposed to UFP pollution than children in rural schools, but they are also four to six times more exposed than adults with similar daily schedules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children exposure to indoor ultrafine particles in urban and rural school environments

Rufo

Madureira

Paciência

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Extended exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs) may lead to consequences in children due to their increased susceptibility when compared to older individuals. Since children spend in average 8 h/day in primary schools, assessing the number concentrations of UFPs in these institutions is important in order to evaluate the health risk for children in primary schools caused by indoor air pollution. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess and determine the sources of indoor UFP number concentrations in urban and rural Portuguese primary schools. Indoor and outdoor ultrafine particle (UFP) number concentrations were measured in six urban schools (US) and two rural schools (RS) located in the north of Portugal, during the heating season. The mean number concentrations of indoor UFPs were significantly higher in urban schools than in rural ones (10.4 × 10 3 and 5.7 × 10 3 pt/cm 3 , respectively). Higher UFP levels were associated with higher squared meters per student, floor levels closer to the ground, chalk boards, furniture or floor covering materials made of wood and windows with double-glazing. Indoor number concentrations of ultrafine-particles were inversely correlated with indoor CO2 levels. In the present work, indoor and out-door concentrations of UFPs in public primary schools located in urban and rural areas were assessed, and the main sources were identified for each environment. The results not only showed that UFP pollution is present in augmented concentrations in US when compared to RS but also revealed some classroom/school characteristics that influence the concentrations of UFPs in primary schools.2

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“…To date, few studies have measured the total PN concentrations and particle number size distributions by using the above mentioned methods/instruments in a variety of settings and environments such as ambient air (Wehner et al 2002;Costabile et al 2009;Watson et al 2011;Reche et al 2011;Asmi et al 2011;Cusack et al 2013;Beddows et al 2014;Brines et al 2015;G omezMoreno et al 2015), indoor air (Morawska et al 2009a;Buonanno et al 2010;Zhang et al 2010;Buonanno et al 2013;Voliotis et al 2014) and industrial and nanotechnology-related workplaces (Demou et al 2008;Brouwer 2010;Kuhlbusch et al 2011;Koivisto et al 2012;Koivisto et al 2014;Fonseca et al 2015a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of a portable and two stationary mobility particle sizers for nanoscale aerosol measurements

Fonseca

Viana

Pérez

et al. 2016

Aerosol Science and Technology

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During occupational exposure studies, the use of conventional scanning mobility particle sizers (SMPS) provides high quality data but may convey transport and application limitations. New instruments aiming to overcome these limitations are being currently developed. The purpose of the present study was to compare the performance of the novel portable NanoScan SMPS TSI 3910 with that of two stationary SMPS instruments and one ultrafine condensation particle counter (UCPC) in a controlled atmosphere and for different particle types and concentrations.The results show that NanoScan tends to overestimate particle number concentrations with regard to the UCPC, particularly for agglomerated particles (ZnO, spark generated soot and diesel soot particles) with relative differences >20%. The best agreements between the internal reference values and measured number concentrations were obtained when measuring compact and spherical particles (NaCl and DEHS particles). With regard to particle diameter (modal size), results from NanoScan were comparable < [ § 20%] to those measured by SMPSs for most of the aerosols measured.The findings of this study show that mobility particle sizers using unipolar and bipolar charging may be affected differently by particle size, morphologies, particle composition and concentration. While the sizing accuracy of the NanoScan SMPS was mostly within §25%, it may miscount total particle number concentration by more than 50% (especially for agglomerated particles), thus making it unsuitable for occupational exposure assessments where high degree of accuracy is required (e.g., in tier 3). However, can be a useful instrument to obtain an estimate of the aerosol size distribution in indoor and workplace air, e.g., in tier 2.

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Children exposure assessment to ultrafine particles and black carbon: The role of transport and cooking activities

Cited by 117 publications

References 41 publications

Children’s Indoor Exposures to (Ultra)Fine Particles in an Urban Area: Comparison Between School and Home Environments

Children’s Indoor Exposures to (Ultra)Fine Particles in an Urban Area: Comparison Between School and Home Environments

Children exposure to indoor ultrafine particles in urban and rural school environments

Intercomparison of a portable and two stationary mobility particle sizers for nanoscale aerosol measurements

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