Children hospitalized for myiasis in a reference center in Uruguay

Abstract

Background:Myiasis is an emerging disease caused by tissue invasion of dipteran larvae. In Uruguay, Cochliomyia hominivorax and Dermatobia hominis are the most frequent species. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and the follow-up of children < 15 years hospitalized for myiasis in a reference center in Uruguay between 2010 and 2019. Methods: We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study by reviewing medical records. We analyzed the following variables: age, sex, comorbidities, origin, the month at admission, clinical manifestations, other parasitoses, treatments, complications, and larva species identified. Results: We found 63 hospitalized children: median age of 7 years (1 month-14 years), 68% of females. We detected risk comorbidities for myiasis (33%), of which chronic malnutrition was the most frequent (n = 6); 84% were from the south of the country; 76% were hospitalized during the summer. Superficial and multiple cutaneous involvements were found in 86%: of the scalp 50, furunculoid type 51, secondary to C. hominivorax 98.4%, and to D. hominis in 1.6%. As treatments, larval extraction was detected in all of them, surgical in 22%. Asphaltic products for parasites were applied in 94%, ether in 49. Antimicrobials were prescribed in 95%; cephradine and ivermectin were the most frequent. About 51% presented infectious complications, impetigo was found in 29, cellulitis in 2, and abscess in 1. Conclusions: Myiasis predominantly affected healthy schoolchildren during the summer months and was frequently associated with ectoparasites. Superficial infestation of the furuncle-like scalp by C. hominivorax was the most frequent form. Infectious complications motivated hospitalizations.

Myiasis Infections in Animals and Men

“…C. hominivorax larval infestation in humans generally is a wound myiasis, which can be very severe with penetration and destruction of the underlaying tissue. When the infestation occurs in the nose or ears, the fatality rate is high if untreated (Francesconi and Lupi 2012;Barros and Bricarello 2020;Notejane et al 2021).…”

Historical perspective and new avenues to control the myiasis-causing fly Cochliomyia hominivorax in Uruguay

“…It was shown that the vast majority of myiasis (98%) were caused by the NWS fly and one third of the patients presented comorbidities, with chronic malnutrition being the most frequent. About half of the cases were initiated in injuries caused by pediculosis (120) .…”