Children's adjustment to parental death.

Tremblay, George C.; Israel, Allen C.

doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00165.x

Cited by 70 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…(69)(70)(71)(72)(73). There seems to be a more deleterious effect of parental bereavement when the child who has lost a parent is younger than the age of 12 (33;65;74).…”

Section: Parental Bereavementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial Transmission of Suicidal Behavior

Brent¹,

Melhem²

2008

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

266

199

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Suicide and suicidal behavior is highly familial, and appears to be familially transmitted independently from the familial transmission of psychiatric disorder per se (1). Adoption, twin, and family studies support the view that the etiology of the familial transmission of suicidal behavior is at least in part genetic, and may be mediated by the transmission of intermediate phenotypes, such as impulsive aggression. In addition, there may be environmental causes for familial transmission, including imitation, and the intergenerational transmission of family adversity. In this review, we cover the evidence supporting the familial transmission of suicidal behavior, possible genetic and environmental explanations for this phenomenom, describe putative intermediate phenotypes, and discuss the contributory roles of early child-rearing and concurrent familial environmental stressors to suicidal risk. A better understanding of the mechanisms for the familial transmission of suicidal behavior can help to shed light on etiology, identify individuals at high risk for the development of incident suicidal behavior, and frame targets for intervention and prevention.Adoption studies (see Table 1) Three adoption studies have been conducted, all using the same Danish adoption registry. Kety et al., in a study designed to examine the genetics of schizophrenia and mood disorders, found a non-significant trend towards higher concordance for suicide in biological, compared to adoptive relatives of adoptees who committed suicide (2). Subsequently, a second study compared the rates of suicide among the biological and adoptive relatives of adoptees who committed suicide vs. biological and adoptive relatives of a matched living adoptee control group in Denmark (3). This study found a six-fold higher rate of suicide in the biological relatives of the suicide vs. those of the control adoptees, and an absence of suicide among the adopted relatives of the suicide vs. control adoptees supporting a genetic rather than environmental etiology (see Table 1). The rate of suicide was higher in the biologic relatives of suicide adoptees regardless of whether the adoptees were psychiatric patients or not. However, it was not possible to determine if the genetic liability to suicide was attributable to the transmission of major psychiatric disorders or to a suicide diathesis per se.In a third adoption study using this registry, a comparison of biological and adoptive relatives of adult adoptees with mood disorder and matched unaffected adoptees were examined (4), revealed a 15-fold increase in suicide among the biological relatives of the mood-disordered adoptees vs. those of the unaffected adoptees (4). This finding supports the role of mood disorder in the genetics of suicide. However, the greatest increased risk for suicidal behavior was found in the relatives of those probands with "affect reaction," a diagnosis akin to Corresponding Author: Dr. David Brent, BrentDA@upmc.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript th...

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“…(69)(70)(71)(72)(73). There seems to be a more deleterious effect of parental bereavement when the child who has lost a parent is younger than the age of 12 (33;65;74).…”

Section: Parental Bereavementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial Transmission of Suicidal Behavior

Brent¹,

Melhem²

2008

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

266

199

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Emotional capacity (Tremblay & Israel, 1998) is also referred to as being critical in this differentiation. Various descriptors of children's grief reactions are critiqued hereafter.…”

Section: Children's Grief Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible arguments include children's lack of experience with previous losses and their access to only a small repertoire of coping strategies (Kastenbaum, 2000;Oltjenbruns, 2001). This implied connection between children's experience with loss and their ability to adjust has not been clearly established with research (Tremblay & Israel, 1998). This thesis argues that there are numerous factors that contribute to children's potential vulnerability, and current knowledge suggests it is a unique constellation of these that result in difficulties in the grieving process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frequently, bereavement theory is drawn upon by clinicians and researchers to assist in understanding children's response to separation. This is not seen as a faulty argument, but that there is much that is still not understood about children's grief (Oltjenbruns, 2001;Tremblay & Israel, 1998). Furthermore, there is not one single approach or theory that is accepted as being the complete explanation for adult's or children's grieving (Shaver & Tancredy, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some refer to the fluid nature with which grieving comes and goes (McKissock, 1998), or the protracted nature of children's grieving (Goldman, 2014;Webb, 2010). Others identify cognitive ability to be the predominant issue (Slaughter, 2005;Webb, 2010) differentiating adult and children's grief.Emotional capacity (Tremblay & Israel, 1998) is also referred to as being critical in this differentiation. Various descriptors of children's grief reactions are critiqued hereafter.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two homes that used to be one: What has grief got to do with it?

Wigginton¹

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Despite five decades of extensive international research into children's adjustment following parental separation, little has been empirically established about the way in which children navigate this process. Furthermore, the use of children's direct reports about their experience is significantly underrepresented in the literature. Situated within a Social Constructionist framework, this thesis seeks to explore children's direct reports about their experiences during the first two years of separation. The aims of this thesis are twofold: firstly, to gain an understanding of children's experiences of adjustment following a separation based on their own reports; and secondly, to explore the extent to which a grief perspective, the Dual Process Model (DPM), assists in the understanding of these experiences.A qualitative design, utilizing an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach was adopted to ensure rich data would be gathered in exploring children's accounts of their own experiences. In-depth semi-structured interviews were utilized in keeping with IPA which were complemented with a range of developmentally appropriate creative mediums, such as drawing, storytelling and symbolic use of figurines. The intent was to facilitate children's expression of their experiences in offering several modalities to complement the interview process. All interviews were video recorded to capture the detail of interviews, such as silence and pauses, which were relevant to understanding the transcripts.Recruitment was initially conducted through a community based organization which was later supplemented by other recruitment sources. The final sample comprised four families, all within the first two years of separation. Seven children, aged between seven and 13 years, took part in interviews. Six parents from these four families also elected to take part in parent interviews.These parent interviews allowed another perspective/s to be gained regarding a child's unique family context and adjustment. Interviews were conducted at two points through the study, approximately six months apart. In keeping with IPA, allowing participants to talk of how their experiences changed over time was significant.Thematic analysis was first applied to the children's data, using the transcripts from both interviews. The themes were then explored against the DPM to understand the extent to which this model assisted in making sense of children's experiences.Thematic analysis resulted in the following themes being identified. Firstly, in keeping with IPA, children were asked to talk of their understanding of the separation. The Meaning of Separation thematically groups both their literal explanations of the word 'separation' and also the more complex and deeper levels of meaning they attributed to the term. Secondly, children talked about a sense of feeling Alone during the initial period of hearing about the separation, despite being around family and friends who might have been trying to interact with them. This sense of iii ...

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Adolescent Grief

Christ¹,

Siegel²,

Christ³

2002

JAMA

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In the United States, more than 2 million children and adolescents (3.4%) younger than 18 years have experienced the death of a parent. When death can be anticipated, as with a terminal illness, and even when the death is sudden, as in the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon, physicians and other health care professionals have an opportunity to ameliorate the impact of the loss. Developmental factors shape adolescents' reactions and responses to the death of a parent. Recent research in childhood and adolescent bereavement shows how health professionals can support the adolescent's coping strategies and prepare the family to facilitate an adolescent's mastery of adaptive tasks posed by the terminal phase of the parent's illness, the death, and its aftermath. Robert, a bereaved 14-year-old, illustrates some of these adaptive challenges.

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Children's adjustment to parental death.

Cited by 70 publications

References 47 publications

Familial Transmission of Suicidal Behavior

Familial Transmission of Suicidal Behavior

Two homes that used to be one: What has grief got to do with it?

Adolescent Grief

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