Children's Attitudes Toward Violence on Television

Hough, Kirstin J.; Erwin, Philip G.

doi:10.1080/00223989709603528

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This is consistent with Das' (2010a, 2010b) findings on the relationship between a greater amount of viewing and stronger identification with the on-screen characters. The relationship between amount of viewing and negative and violent behaviors was also shown by Hough and Erwin (2010). Bandura's (1971Bandura's ( , 1986 cognitive-social learning theory can be used to explain the finding regarding the relationship between amount of viewing and identification with a TV character's negative behavior: when children and adolescents watch their favorite TV programs, the characters become "part of their lives".…”

Section: Reactions To Viewing: Differences Between At-risk and Normatmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The one-sided relationships that a viewer develops with TV characters are parasocial interactions. Viewers feel that they know the characters, and perceive that they have the same feelings toward them as they do toward flesh-and-blood acquaintances, but they are not worried that the TV character will criticize them (Bandura, 1971(Bandura, , 1986Cole & Leets, 1999;Hough & Erwin, 2010;Livingston & Das, 2010).…”

Section: Parasocial Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reality shows have been gaining popularity. Researchers (Coyne, Robinson, & Nelson, 2010;Haridakis & Rubin, 2009;Hough & Erwin, 2010;Nelson, Springer, Nelson, & Bean, 2008) have found that these programs, devoid of script, staging, and editing, are rife with aggression, gossip, tale-telling, exclusion, and social manipulation, to a much greater degree than prerecorded programs. Research has revealed that children identify with the characters on reality shows and with their behavior.…”

Section: Parasocial Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viewing Habits and Identification With Television Characters Among at-Risk and Normative Children and Adolescents

Zilka

Romi

2018

IJCYFS

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This study examined the relationship between participants’ negative or positive identification with television characters and their behavior, and how their reactions in times of anger — whether simply negative or physically violent — varied between at-risk participants and normative ones. Participants were 86 children and adolescents from Israel who filled in four questionnaires on the topics of viewing habits, attitudes, self-image, and aggression. The findings revealed that at-risk children and adolescents reacted with more anger than did their normative counterparts, and that their reaction became stronger when they identified with a character’s negative behavior. It was further revealed that the more they watched, the higher their identification with the character and the greater their negative reaction during anger. A violent physical reaction in times of anger is more strongly associated with viewing alone than with viewing with friends. The findings also revealed that identification with the character is a mediating variable between the amount and type (solitary or with friends) of viewing and negative and violent reactions. At-risk children and adolescents tend to choose programs that show violent behaviors, and such programs could ultimately lead them to exhibit violent reactions. The question is how can the amount of children and adolescents’ viewing be limited while avoiding arguments and punishment? The key to success is finding a solution that will be formulated with the children and adolescents’ full cooperation.

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Section: Reactions To Viewing: Differences Between At-risk and Normatmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Parasocial Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parasocial Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viewing Habits and Identification With Television Characters Among at-Risk and Normative Children and Adolescents

Zilka

Romi

2018

IJCYFS

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“…In addition to the immediate behavioral effects of identification with TV characters, watching programs involves psychological processes that affect the consolidation of identity in the long term, not only immediately. Researchers (Bandura, 1971(Bandura, , 1986(Bandura, , 2001Cole & Leeds, 1999;Hough & Erwin, 2010;Livingston & Das, 2010;Morgan & Shanahan, 2010;Rideout et al, 2010;Vandewater et al, 2006;Wilson, 2011;Zilka, 2014;Zilka & Romi, 2018) have claimed that television presents a wide range of role models and offers children and adolescents an opportunity to try out and compare alternate identities. In this way, television offers a rich variety of characters to children as role models, and exposes them to characters to which they are unlikely to have been exposed face-to-face in real life.…”

Section: The Media: a Part Of The Children And Youth Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watching of Scary TV Shows by Children and Youth, Identification With Characters, and Resulting Fears and Nightmares

Zilka¹,

Goldberg²

2020

RES

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The identification of children and adolescents with characters from the television programs they watch is not limited to the time when they view the program. The connection with the characters continues across the use of various digital means and in various realms of the children’s lives. The purpose of the present study was to examine the connections between patterns of use of various media, the degree of identification with characters from the programs watched, and the fears and nightmares experienced by the children after watching these programs. This is a mixed-method study. Two hundred ninety-six Israeli children and adolescents participated in the study; 45 children and adolescents among those who completed questionnaires were interviewed. The data were collected in 2017-2018. The data revealed that negative identification with the show characters was higher among children than in adolescents. Positive identification with the characters was higher among viewers of scary programs, among those who suffered from nightmares and fears, and among those who perceived the characters and plot as realistic. It was found that interest in programs involving tension, drama, and action increases the risk of nightmares and fears after watching these programs.

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“…Berkowitz (1964) supports these findings, but tempers this by suggesting that, while filmed violence is potentially dangerous, the effects are likely to be short lived. Hough & Erwin (1997) review a number of more recent studies, noting the conclusion that long term increases in aggression among boys is evident as a result of prolonged exposure to violence.…”

Section: The Presumed Link Between Exposure To Violence and Violent Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violence, values, and the electronic media environment

Eagle

Bruin²,

Bulmer³

2002

Corporate Communications: An International Journal

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This article originated as a contribution to informed debate on public policy issues surrounding a review of New Zealand broadcasting policy. The issue, however, has implications well beyond the New Zealand market. Public debate on broadcasting has frequently centered on calls to: improve the quality of programming overall; improve children's programming in particular; and ban advertising in children's television programmes. This narrow focus ignores the impact of the wider viewing environment. A major focus of this article is on the potential detrimental effects on children of exposure to violence and negative values in the electronic media environment. The literature relating to this is reviewed; the presumed linkages between exposure to violence and the propensity for children to act aggressively are examined; the findings of a study of parental perceptions regarding the impact of violence and of negative values on their children are then reported. Concludes with a discussion of the role of marketing communication in this environment.

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Children's Attitudes Toward Violence on Television

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Viewing Habits and Identification With Television Characters Among at-Risk and Normative Children and Adolescents

Viewing Habits and Identification With Television Characters Among at-Risk and Normative Children and Adolescents

Watching of Scary TV Shows by Children and Youth, Identification With Characters, and Resulting Fears and Nightmares

Violence, values, and the electronic media environment

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