Children's Exposure to Violence: A Comprehensive National Survey

Finkelhor, David; Turner, Heather A.; Ormrod, Richard; Hamby, Sherry; Kracke, Kristen

doi:10.1037/e640762009-001

Cited by 93 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We do not have information on the age when victimization first occurred or on the subsequent frequency of victimization experiences. Thus, even though current victims are likely to experience repeat victimization (Finkelhor, Turner, Ormrod, Hamby, et al, 2009; Lauritsen and Quinet, 1995), consequently, we have only a “snapshot” of victimization experiences. This limitation is key given life course theory's emphasis on the importance of developmental timing in lives.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In preliminary analyses, we did not detect any statistically significant differences in the rate of union formation between respondents who experienced only one act and those who experienced two or more acts of victimization. Although our measure of violent victimization references incidents only in the past 12 months, we recognize that current victims are likely to have been past (and to be future) victims (Finkelhor, Turner, Ormrod, Hamby, et al, 2009; Lauritsen and Quinet, 1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the developmental importance of these years, prior studies in criminology have identified violent victimization as a potentially disruptive force in adolescents’ lives, highlighting its negative psychological and behavioral ramifications and finding, for example, that victims have a higher risk of suicidal thoughts and actions (Cleary, 2000), depressive symptoms (Latzman and Swisher, 2005), social anxiety (Siegel, La Greca, and Harrison, 2009), anger and aggression (Turner, Finkelhor, and Ormrod, 2006), and substance abuse (DeMaris and Kaukinen, 2005). Victims are also at an increased risk themselves of becoming offenders (Lauritsen, Sampson, and Laub, 1991; Menard, 2002) and of experiencing subsequent victimization (Finkelhor, Turner, Ormrod, Hamby, et al, 2009; Lauritsen and Quinet, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adolescent Violent Victimization and Precocious Union Formation*

2012

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This article bridges scholarship in criminology and family sociology by extending arguments about “precocious exits” from adolescence to consider early union formation as a salient outcome of violent victimization for youths. Research indicates that early union formation is associated with several negative outcomes; yet the absence of attention to union formation as a consequence of violent victimization is noteworthy. We address this gap by drawing on life course theory and data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to examine the effect of violent victimization (“street” violence) on the timing of first co-residential union formation—differentiating between marriage and cohabitation—in young adulthood. Estimates from Cox proportional hazard models show that adolescent victims of street violence experience higher rates of first union formation, especially marriage, early in the transition to adulthood; however, this effect declines with age, as such unions become more normative. Importantly, the effect of violent victimization on first union timing is robust to controls for nonviolent delinquency, substance abuse, and violent perpetration. We conclude by discussing directions for future research on the association between violent victimization and coresidential unions with an eye toward the implications of such early union formation for desistance.

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Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adolescent Violent Victimization and Precocious Union Formation*

2012

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“…Notwithstanding these limitations, the current study makes several noteworthy contributions to scholarship on adolescence, violence and victimization, and coresidential relationship formation and stability. We extend victimization research by expanding the focus beyond childhood and familial victimization, which is important given that most youth victimization occurs outside the home (Finkelhor et al., ; Lauritsen, ). Although much research on IPV in young adulthood has focused on dating relationships, collapsed all intimate relationships into one amorphous category, or failed to make any distinctions about relationship type at all, we focused on first coresidential unions.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the focus within the cycle of violence literature on the family context, the expansive body of research on IPV (in adolescence and young adulthood) has been fairly disconnected from broader scholarship on YVV. This gap is noteworthy considering that most youth victimization occurs outside the home (Finkelhor et al., ; Lauritsen, ). Although it has been attributed to several theories (Schreck, Stewart, and Osgood, ), most relevant to our discussion of nonfamilial violence is that the consistent finding that violence begets violence—in terms of both victim continuity and victim–offender overlap—has drawn on the population heterogeneity versus state dependence debate (Lauritsen, ; Nagin and Paternoster, ; Ousey, Wilcox, and Brummel, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intimate Partner Violence Risk Among Victims of Youth Violence: Are Early Unions Bad, Beneficial, or Benign?

Kuhl

Warner

2015

Criminology

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Youth violent victimization (YVV) is a risk factor for precocious exits from adolescence via early coresidential union formation. It remains unclear, however, whether these early unions 1) are associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, 2) interrupt victim continuity or victim–offender overlap through protective and prosocial bonds, or 3) are inconsequential. By using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 11,928; 18–34 years of age), we examine competing hypotheses for the effect of early union timing among victims of youth violence (n = 2,479)—differentiating across victimization only, perpetration only, and mutually combative relationships and considering variation by gender. The results from multinomial logistic regression models indicate that YVV increases the risk of IPV victimization in first unions, regardless of union timing; the null effect of timing indicates that delaying union formation would not reduce youth victims’ increased risk of continued victimization. Gender-stratified analyses reveal that earlier unions can protect women against IPV perpetration, but this is partly the result of an increased risk of IPV victimization. The findings suggest that YVV has significant transformative consequences, leading to subsequent victimization by coresidential partners, and this association might be exacerbated among female victims who form early unions. We conclude by discussing directions for future research.

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The longitudinal relation between violence exposure in daily life, hostile automatic thoughts, and cyber‐aggression

Zhu

Sun

et al. 2022

Aggressive Behavior

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Cyber‐aggression is a serious social problem worldwide. Its risks have been frequently explored, and violence exposure in daily life has been regarded as an important risk factor of cyber‐aggression. However, the longitudinal association between violence exposure in daily life and cyber‐aggression has not yet been examined, and the mechanisms underlying the link between violence exposure and cyber‐aggression remain largely unclear. Based on the General Aggression Model and Script Theory, we explored the circular relation between violence exposure in daily life, hostile automatic thoughts, and cyber‐aggression. The current study adopted a longitudinal design to address these issues among 941 college students. The results indicated violence exposure in daily life predicted hostile automatic thoughts and cyber‐aggression 6 months later; hostile automatic thoughts predicted violence exposure and cyber‐aggression 6 months later; and cyber‐aggression predicted hostile automatic thoughts and violence exposure 6 months later. Moreover, each of them plays a mediating role in the association between the other two variables. These results support and expand the General Aggression Model and Script Theory that violence exposure, aggressive cognition, and aggression facilitate each other. This also provides theoretical guidance on reducing cyber‐aggression in daily life.

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Children's Exposure to Violence: A Comprehensive National Survey

Cited by 93 publications

References 22 publications

Adolescent Violent Victimization and Precocious Union Formation*

Adolescent Violent Victimization and Precocious Union Formation*

Intimate Partner Violence Risk Among Victims of Youth Violence: Are Early Unions Bad, Beneficial, or Benign?

The longitudinal relation between violence exposure in daily life, hostile automatic thoughts, and cyber‐aggression

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