Children’s gist-based false memory in working memory tasks.

Rousselle, Manon; Abadie, Marlène; Blaye, Agnès; Camos, Valérie

doi:10.1037/dev0001476

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…However, recent studies have revealed that false memories can also occur in working memory (WM) tasks for lists of only a few items when a short 4-s interval was given between study and test (Abadie and Camos 2019;Atkins and Reuter-Lorenz 2008). This finding was replicated with children as young as 4 years old (Rousselle et al 2022). The aim of the present study is to examine whether these short-term false memories observed in young children and adults can be accompanied by such vivid recollection as long-term false memories in the DRM paradigm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The present study aimed to examine whether phantom recollection underlies shortterm false memories in 8-10-year-olds and young adults. Only one study has investigated the occurrence of false memories in a WM task in 4-and 8-year-olds using the simplified CR procedure (Rousselle et al 2022). False memories occurred in both age groups but were few (about 10%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-Term Phantom Recollection in 8–10-Year-Olds and Young Adults

Abadie

Rousselle

2023

J. Intell.

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Illusory conscious experience of the “presentation” of unstudied material, called phantom recollection, occurs at high levels in long-term episodic memory tests and underlies some forms of false memory. We report an experiment examining, for the first time, the presence of phantom recollection in a short-term working memory (WM) task in 8- to 10-year-old children and young adults. Participants studied lists of eight semantically related words and had to recognize them among unpresented distractors semantically related and unrelated to the studied words after a retention interval of a few seconds. Regardless of whether the retention interval was filled with a concurrent task that interfered with WM maintenance, the false recognition rate for related distractors was very high in both age groups, although it was higher in young adults (47%) than children (42%) and rivaled the rate of target acceptance. The conjoint recognition model of fuzzy-trace theory was used to examine memory representations underlying recognition responses. In young adults, phantom recollection underpinned half of the false memories. By contrast, in children, phantom recollection accounted for only 16% of them. These findings suggest that an increase in phantom recollection use may underlie the developmental increase in short-term false memory.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Phantom Recollection in 8–10-Year-Olds and Young Adults

Abadie

Rousselle

2023

J. Intell.

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“…There is no evidence that a DRM list created for adults activates the critical lure in the same way in children. Some studies (Carneiro et al, 2007; Ghetti et al, 2002; Metzger et al, 2008; Rousselle et al, 2023) show that children can produce FMs in this task if the conditions are adapted to this population. Metzger et al (2008) showed that 10-year-old children had a critical lure appearance rate of .04 with long word lists, but of .16 with short children-specific word lists, during a recall task.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, no study has conducted a prior lexical association task, critical lure based, with French children to construct lists that are most representative of these children’s associative network. Rousselle et al (2023) asked French children to list four concepts associated with a given theme to form short lists. However, they did not use the critical lure of the lists to build them.…”

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confidence: 99%

Creating false memories in children using French word lists.

Martin,

Speranza,

Colombel

2025

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

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The sensitivity of children to the production of false memories from a Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm appears to be low. Activation association theory suggests that the associative network plays a central role in the production of DRM false memories. However, relatively few studies have created child-specific lists. One hundred thirteen children with an average age of 9 years and 7 months were solicited to create DRM lists via a lexical association task. These lists were then tested on a sample of 42 children with an average age of 9 years and 6 months. Depending on the lists used, the children produced a proportion of false memories ranging from .04 to .46. The use of lists specifically created by and for children seems to favour the emergence of false memories. The results are consistent with activation explanatory theories of DRM false memories. However, confidence in their response is higher for correct answers than for errors. Public Significance StatementWe can create false memories, that is, the memory of an event that never happened, in participants using word lists constructed in such a way that all the words in the list converge towards the same associated concept. To do so, these lists need to be designed specifically for the population in which we want to create these false memories. This study presents the creation of lists for children aged 8-10.

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“…For lists of this sort, missing words are falsely recognized and recalled at reliable levels immediately after encoding, on workingmemory tests (Abadie & Camos, 2019;Atkins & Reuter-Lorenz, 2011;Flegal et al, 2010;McBride et al, 2019;Rousselle et al, 2023). In addition, they are falsely recognized and recalled at much higher levels a few minutes later, on standard episodic memory tests (e.g., Cann et al, 2011;Dennis et al, 2012;Kurkela & Dennis, 2016;Lampinen et al, 2005Lampinen et al, , 2006Miller et al, 2011;Schacter et al, 1999;Toglia et al, 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

From association to gist: Some critical tests.

Brainerd,

Chang,

Bialer

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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We report the first evidence that the gist mechanism of fuzzy-trace theory and the associative mechanism of activation monitoring theory operate in parallel, in the recall version of the Deese/Roediger/McDermott illusion. In three experiments, we implemented a new methodology that allows their respective empirical indexes, gist strength (GS) and backward associative strength (BAS), to each be manipulated while the other is held constant. In Experiment 1, increasing GS increased false recall of missing words, but increasing BAS did not. In Experiments 2 and 3, however, increasing GS and increasing BAS both increased recall of missing words, and those effects were independent and additive. In all three experiments, GS and BAS affected true recall of list words in qualitatively different ways: (a) Increasing GS always improved true recall, regardless of whether BAS was high or low, but (b) increasing BAS impaired true recall when GS was high and improved true recall when GS was low. To pinpoint the retrieval loci of the two variables' effects, we analyzed the data of all experiments with the dual-retrieval model. Those analyses showed that the variables' respective effects were due to different retrieval processes.

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Children’s gist-based false memory in working memory tasks.

Cited by 8 publications

References 70 publications

Short-Term Phantom Recollection in 8–10-Year-Olds and Young Adults

Short-Term Phantom Recollection in 8–10-Year-Olds and Young Adults

Creating false memories in children using French word lists.

From association to gist: Some critical tests.

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