Children's Health, Susceptibility, and Regulatory Approaches to Reducing Risks from Chemical Carcinogens

Charnley, Gail; Putzrath, Resha M.

doi:10.2307/3434774

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Compared with this risk range, the results of this study imply intolerable cancer risks for both children and adults due to heavy metals in drinking water over a lifetime. The ILCR method for calculating cancer risk estimates the incremental increase in risk for the exposed populations over a lifetime, but does not consider when the cancer will occur (Charnley & Putzrath, 2001). Exposure to cancer-causing chemicals in food, water, air, and consumer products early in life can lead to cancer later in life (Carpenter & Bushkin-Bedient, 2013).…”

Section: Human Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Kampala (Uganda) Drinking Water

Bamuwamye¹,

Ogwok²,

Tumuhairwe³

et al. 2017

JFR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Levels of aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc in tap water, groundwater-fed protected spring and bottled water were determined. The cancer and non-cancer risks associated with ingestion of heavy metals (HM) were also assessed for both children and adults. Forty seven water samples obtained from five divisions of Kampala city were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Cancer and non-cancer risks were determined using incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ), respectively. Lead content was higher than permissible limits (PL) according to East African Standard, World Health Organization, European Union and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Arsenic showed minor exceedances above guideline values in tap water and groundwater-fed protected spring, whereas mercury, manganese and nickel were higher than PL. Levels of aluminium, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, and zinc were below the PL. The lifetime risk of developing cancer through the oral route was greater than the USEPA acceptable level for both children and adults, revealing that exposure to HM in drinking water posed an unacceptable potential cancer risk. Arsenic contributed ca. 90% of the ILCR in tap water and groundwater-fed protected spring. The combined non-cancer risk of the HM expressed as hazard index (HI) was greater than one, with values for children being higher than those for adults. Lead contribution towards HI was in all cases above 90%. These results demonstrate the presence of alarming non-cancer risks for children.

show abstract

Section: Human Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Kampala (Uganda) Drinking Water

Bamuwamye¹,

Ogwok²,

Tumuhairwe³

et al. 2017

JFR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In animal experiments, potential EDs have adverse effects on the development and/or function of the reproductive and nervous systems, particularly when exposure occurs during fetal or neonatal periods (Colborn et al 1996;Newbold 2001;Newbold et al 1984;Williams et al 2001). Similarly, human fetuses and infants are significantly more sensitive to a variety of environmental toxicants than adults (Charnley and Putzrath 2001;Needam and Sexton 2000;Perera et al 2002). Several investigators have shown that fetuses and young children are especially vulnerable to the toxic effects of environmental tobacco smoke, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and metals (Calabrese 1986;Jacobson and Jacobson 1996;Moore and Persaud 1998;Needleman 1979;Perera 1996;Whyatt and Perera 1995;WHO 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of toxicogenomic analysis to risk assessment of delayed long-term effects of multiple chemicals including endocrine disruptors in human fetuses

Mori¹,

Komiyama²,

Adachi³

et al. 2002

Environ. Health Perspect. Toxicogenomics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Since fetuses and infants are significantly more sensitive than adults to a variety of environmental toxicants [27,28], the possibility of adverse effects on human fetuses and infants by organohalogen compounds such as BFRs is anticipated. We believe that it is necessary to conduct research on perinatal exposure to such compounds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Exposure to Brominated Flame Retardants and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Japan

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are used to prevent combustion in consumer products. Examples of BFRs are polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and tribromophenol (TBP). These compounds are reported to have adverse effects on human health and endocrine disrupting effects. The purpose of this study was to identify the Japanese perinatal exposure to PBDEs, hydroxylated PBDE metabolites (OH-PBDEs), TBBPA, and TBP compared with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hydroxylated PCB metabolites (OH-PCBs). We investigated the concentrations of these compounds in maternal blood, maternal milk, cord blood, and umbilical cords from 16 Japanese mother-infant pairs by HRGC/HRMS. PBDEs were detected in all samples of maternal blood (mean ± SD; median = 25 ± 23 pg/g; 18 pg/g wet weight), maternal milk (140 ± 220 pg/g; 59 pg/g wet weight), cord blood (4.8 ± 6.5 pg/g; 1.6 pg/g wet weight), and umbilical cords (3.1 ± 3.1 pg/g; 2.1 pg/g wet weight). The mothers were divided into two groups, a high-concentration group and a low-concentration group. The percentage of BDE-47 showed the greatest difference between the two groups. 6-OH-BDE-47, TBBPA, and TBP were detected in all umbilical cord samples (mean ± SD; median = 8.4 ± 8.1 pg/g; 8.0 pg/g, 16 ± 5.5 pg/g; 15 pg/g, and 33 ± 8.2 pg/g; 32 pg/g wet weight respectively), but not in all maternal blood or cord blood samples. These results indicate that OH-PBDEs, TBBPA, and TBP, in addition to PBDEs, PCBs, and OH-PCBs, pass through the blood-placenta barrier and are retained in the umbilical cord.

show abstract

Children's Health, Susceptibility, and Regulatory Approaches to Reducing Risks from Chemical Carcinogens

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Kampala (Uganda) Drinking Water

Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Kampala (Uganda) Drinking Water

Application of toxicogenomic analysis to risk assessment of delayed long-term effects of multiple chemicals including endocrine disruptors in human fetuses

Perinatal Exposure to Brominated Flame Retardants and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Japan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About