Children’s Maternal Support-Seeking: Relations to Maternal Emotion Socialization Responses and Children’s Emotion Management

Child social and emotion functioning as predictors of therapeutic alliance in cognitive–behavioral therapy for anxiety

“…Children completed the Children's Emotion Management Scales (CEMS) for Sadness and Anger (Zeman, Shipman, & Penza-Clyve, 2001), 12 and 11 items, respectively, and Worry (CWMS; 13 items; Zeman, Cassano, Suveg, & Shipman, 2010). Consistent with prior research (e.g., Miller-Slough, Zeman, Poon, & Sanders, 2016), the emotion regulation subscale of the CEMS was averaged across all three emotions for this study (e.g., "try to calmly deal with the feeling,"…”

Emotion Socialization during Emerging Adulthood

“…Specifically, as expected, more unsupportive responses from parents were associated with emerging adults' use of less functional emotion regulation. This finding is supported by previous research conducted with children and adolescents (e.g., Miller-Slough, Zeman, Poon, & Sanders, 2016;Shewark & Blandon, 2015;Williams & Woodruff-Borden, 2015). Similar to previous research with children (e.g., Bariola, Hughes, & Gullone, 2012), parents' own use of dysfunctional emotion regulation, or modeling, was also related to emerging adults' use of dysfunctional emotion regulation, potentially suggesting the role of parental modeling.…”

“…Although the model fit indices of some of the confirmatory factor analyses were not always within the acceptable range (Little, 2013), below we provide potential explanations for these poor model fits. It is important to note that throughout previous literature using other versions of this measure, reliability of individual scales is often low (a ranging from .51-.88; Klimes-Dougan et al, 2007;Miller-Slough, Zeman, Poon, & Sanders, 2016;Sanders, Zeman, Poon, & Miller, 2015;Silk et al, 2011;Tillery et al, 2015). Moreover, some controversy exists with the override and magnify subscales in terms whether they are supportive or unsupportive because of their associations with different outcomes (e.g., Klimes-Dougan et al, 2014).…”

The Cascade Effect of Parent Dysfunction: An Emotion Socialization Transmission Framework

“…Our current findings provide support for a preliminary model of the transmission of internalizing psychopathology and emotion dysregulation from parent to child using a parental emotion socialization framework. Specifically, findings contribute evidence that higher levels of unsupportive emotion socialization practices, but not lower levels of supportive emotion socialization practices, mediate the relation between parent and child dysfunction, which adds to the body of literature examining supportive and unsupportive emotion socialization as distinct factors (e.g., Williams and Woodruff-Borden, 2015;Miller-Slough et al, 2016). Importantly, these findings hold implications for disrupting the transmission of dysfunction and promoting healthy psychological outcomes for at-risk children of parents with dysfunction.…”

“…Our findings indicate that, in the transmission of parent dysfunction to children, increased unsupportive emotion socialization is more impactful than decreased supportive emotion socialization. This is not too surprising given that researchers have viewed these two categories of emotion socialization as independent constructs that can co-occur in parent-child interactions but may differentially operate on children's development and outcomes (Lunkenheimer et al, 2007;Miller-Slough et al, 2016;Ramakrishnan et al, 2019). Indeed, researchers previously examining the role of emotion socialization on child emotion regulation also found an effect of unsupportive emotion socialization with no effect of supportive emotion socialization (Williams and Woodruff-Borden, 2015).…”