“…Media literacy is believed to have a relevant impact on citizenship practices, as repeatedly conveyed by politicians and academics since the 1980s (Buckingham, 2003;Gonnet, 2001;Livingstone, 2011aLivingstone, , 2011bMartinsson, 2009) and by international organizations such as UNESCO (1982UNESCO ( , 1990UNESCO ( , 1999UNESCO ( , 2002UNESCO ( , 2006UNESCO ( , 2007UNESCO ( , 2008UNESCO ( , 2009UNESCO ( , 2011UNESCO ( , 2012UNESCO ( , 2013aUNESCO ( , 2013b) the Council of Europe (2000,2002,2008) and the European Commission (2007aCommission ( , 2007bCommission ( , 2008aCommission ( , 2008bCommission ( , 2009aCommission ( , 2009b. Importantly, it has the potential to increase the ability of citizens to interpret media messages critically and to communicate messages effectively (Zacchetti, 2011).…”