Children’s mode choice for the school trip: the role of distance and school location in walking to school

McDonald, Noreen C.

doi:10.1007/s11116-007-9135-7

Cited by 300 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…De acordo com McDonald 35 , o sexo tem pouco efeito sobre o modo de escolha dos deslocamentos para escola. Apesar de as evidências mostrarem que as meninas são, culturalmente, mais protegidas que os meninos, diversos fatores podem interferir na realização de atividades físi-cas nesse domínio de vida, como as escolhas do tipo de deslocamento, a distância da residência para escola, as opções de transporte e a idade.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Prevalência e fatores associados à inatividade física nos deslocamentos para escola em adolescentes

et al. 2010

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The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of physical inactivity and associated factors among adolescents commuting to school. This was an epidemiological study based on secondary data from a sample of 4,207 adolescents (14-19 years). Data were collected through a previously validated questionnaire (GSHS-WHO). Adolescents were classified as "inactive in commuting" when they reported not commuting to school actively (e.g., walking or bicycling) IntroduçãoOs benefícios para a saúde e o bem-estar decorrentes da prática regular de atividade física estão bem documentados. Estudos epidemiológicos indicam que esta tem um papel fundamental na prevenção de várias doenças 1,2,3,4 e na melhoria da auto-estima e qualidade de vida 5 . Apesar disso, evidências disponíveis indicam uma tendência de aumento na proporção de indivíduos expostos a baixo nível de atividade física, independentemente da idade 6,7 .Diante deste cenário, tanto no campo da pesquisa quanto no da intervenção em saúde, vem crescendo o debate sobre as ações que podem ser desenvolvidas a fim de intervir, o mais precocemente possível, para promoção de estilos de vida mais ativos fisicamente 8 . No domínio dos deslocamentos, o incentivo à prática de caminhar e pedalar vem sendo indicado como uma estraté-gia eficiente e efetiva para aumentar os níveis de atividade física na população jovem 9,10 .O deslocamento fisicamente ativo para escola pode constituir uma importante fonte de atividade física diária 11 . Evidências consistentes sugerem que a prática de atividades físicas nos deslocamentos está intimamente associada a diversos desfechos relacionados à saúde, como o aumento dos níveis gerais de atividade física 12 , de aptidão cardiorrespiratória 13 , manutenção da massa corporal 13,14 e redução do risco de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico 3 . Recentemente, ARTIGO ARTICLE

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Prevalência e fatores associados à inatividade física nos deslocamentos para escola em adolescentes

et al. 2010

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“…As far as the aesthetics of the route between home and school, the existence of trees and flowers favors significantly the choice of walk. Distance plays the most significant role in mode to school choice, a fact that other surveys have verified as well (McDonald 2008;Schlossberg et al 2006). Walking is preferred when the walking distance between home and school is less than 2.0 km.…”

Section: Mode Choice Modelmentioning

confidence: 98%

Incorporating social interaction into hybrid choice models

2014

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The aim of this paper is to develop a methodological framework for the incorporation of social interaction effects into choice models. The developed method provides insights for modeling the effect of social interaction on the formation of psychological factors (latent variables) and on the decision-making process. The assumption is based on the fact that the way the decision maker anticipates and processes the information regarding the behavior and the choices exhibited in her/his social environment, affects her/ his attitudes and perceptions, which in turn affect her/his choices. The proposed method integrates choice models with decision makers' psychological factors and latent social interaction. The model structure is simultaneously estimated providing an improvement over sequential methods as it provides consistent and efficient estimates of the parameters. The methodology is tested within the context of a household aiming to identify the social interaction effects between teenagers and their parents regarding walking-loving behavior and then the effect of this on mode to school choice behavior. The sample consists of 9,714 participants aged from 12 to 18 years old, representing 21 % of the adolescent population of Cyprus. The findings from the case study indicate that if the teenagers anticipate that their parents are walking lovers, then this increases the probability of teenagers to be walking-lovers too and in turn to choose walking to school. Generally, the findings from the application result in: (a) improvements in the explanatory power of choice models, Transportation (2014) 41:1263-1285 DOI 10.1007 (b) latent variables that are statistically significant, and (c) a real-world behavioral representation that includes the social interaction effect.

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“…The median time spent by walkers is about 8 min per commute, with an I-QR between 4.5-12 min. The median speed for children walking to school is 1.9 mph with a maximum rate of 2.6 mph, well below what school-aged children are capable of (McDonald, 2007b). For motor vehicle commuting, the same statistics in Philadelphia are 2 miles for the median distance and 1.5-3.2 miles for the I-QR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…McDonald (2007b) indicates that the median walk speed of all school age children is 2.7 mph, in the low end of the above ranges. We used the above ranges as lower and upper limits of a triangular distribution (with a mode equal to range mean) for our modeling of school commuting.…”

Section: School Commuting Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of school commuting data for exposure modeling purposes

Xue

McCurdy

Burke

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Human exposure models often make the simplifying assumption that school children attend school in the same census tract where they live. This paper analyzes that assumption and provides information on the temporal and spatial distributions associated with school commuting. The data were obtained using Oak Ridge National Laboratory's LandScan USA population distribution model applied to Philadelphia, PA. It is a high-resolution model used to allocate individual school-aged children to both a home and school location, and to devise a minimum-time home-to-school commuting path (called a trace) between the two locations. LandScan relies heavily on Geographic Information System (GIS) data. With respect to school children attending school in their home census tract, the vast majority does not in Philadelphia. Our analyses found that: (1) about 32% of the students walk across two or more census tracts going to school and 40% of them walk across four or more census blocks; and (2) 60% drive across four or more census tracts going to school and 50% drive across 10 or more census blocks. We also find that: (3) using a 5-min commuting time interval F as opposed to the modeled ''trace'' F results in misclassifying the ''actual'' path taken in 90% of the census blocks, 70% of the block groups, and 50% of the tracts; (4) a 1-min time interval is needed to reasonably resolve time spent in the various census unit designations; and (5) approximately 50% of both the homes and schools of Philadelphia school children are located within 160 m of highly traveled roads, and 64% of the schools are located within 200 m. These findings are very important when modeling school children's exposures, especially, when ascertaining the impacts of near-roadway concentrations on their total daily body burden. As many school children also travel along these streets and roadways to get to school, a majority of children in Philadelphia are in mobile source-dominated locations most of the day. We hypothesize that exposures of school children in Philadelphia to benzene and particulate matter will be much higher than if home and school locations and commuting paths at a 1-min time resolution are not explicitly modeled in an exposure assessment. Undertaking such an assessment will be the topic of a future paper.

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Children’s mode choice for the school trip: the role of distance and school location in walking to school

Abstract: Children, School travel, Mode choice, Community schools, Walking,

Cited by 300 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalência e fatores associados à inatividade física nos deslocamentos para escola em adolescentes

Prevalência e fatores associados à inatividade física nos deslocamentos para escola em adolescentes

Incorporating social interaction into hybrid choice models

Analyses of school commuting data for exposure modeling purposes

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