Children with chronic lung diseases have cognitive dysfunction as assessed by event-related potential (auditory P300) and Stanford–Binet IQ (SB-IV) test

Abstract

Chronic lung disease (CLD) in children represents a heterogeneous group of many clinico-pathological entities with risk of adverse impact of chronic or intermittent hypoxia. So far, few researchers have investigated the cognitive function in these children, and the role of auditory P300 in the assessment of their cognitive function has not been investigated yet. This study was designed to assess the cognitive functions among schoolchildren with different chronic pulmonary diseases using both auditory P300 and Stanford-Binet test. This cross-sectional study included 40 school-aged children who were suffering from chronic chest troubles other than asthma and 30 healthy children of similar age, gender and socioeconomic state as a control group. All subjects were evaluated through clinical examination, radiological evaluation and spirometry. Audiological evaluation included (basic otological examination, pure-tone, speech audiometry and immittancemetry). Cognitive function was assessed by auditory P300 and psychological evaluation using Stanford-Binet test (4th edition). Children with chronic lung diseases had significantly lower anthropometric measures compared to healthy controls. They had statistically significant lower IQ scores and delayed P300 latencies denoting lower cognitive abilities. Cognitive dysfunction correlated to severity of disease. P300 latencies were prolonged among hypoxic patients. Cognitive deficits in children with different chronic lung diseases were best detected using both Stanford-Binet test and auditory P300. P300 is an easy objective tool. P300 is affected early with hypoxia and could alarm subtle cognitive dysfunction.

Is COPD associated with alterations in hearing? A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The underlying mechanisms of cognitive impairments in COPD remain a controversial issue. Hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or vascular comorbidities have been proposed as possible causes of brain alterations in patients with COPD 34,35. Ortapamuk and Naldoken4 reported that individuals with severe COPD may develop changes in brain perfusion due to hypoxemia, leading to cognitive impairment.…”

Attention and Memory Impairments in Pediatric Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Comparison to Healthy Controls

“…The main aim of the study was to analyze and compare attention and memory performance in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in healthy controls. 28 patients with CF, 30 patients with IBD and 30 healthy subjects took part in the study (all in age range of [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. All subjects were in intellectual norm.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Cognitive impairments have also been found in chronically ill children and adolescents. [8][9][10][11] Cognitive dysfunction in chronic illnesses may be subtle and difficult to find, and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully determined. There are several hypotheses that have been proposed to explain cognitive deficits in chronically ill patients including: the impact of depression and anxiety that often occur in chronic illnesses, negative side effects of medication used in the treatment, and the disease process itself that may lead to neuropsychological impairments.…”

“…Deficits in cognitive functioning have been identified to accompany a wide range of chronic illnesses including chronic kidney disease, lactose intolerance, chronic heart failure, diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatitis C and chronic fatigue syndrome 1-7. Cognitive impairments have also been found in chronically ill children and adolescents 8-11. Cognitive dysfunction in chronic illnesses may be subtle and difficult to find, and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully determined.…”

“…First of all, CF manifests itself from birth and its symptoms are progressive, while IBD develops later in life and is usually characterized by periods of remission. Furthermore, CF is marked by severe chronic respiratory symptoms which have been linked with cognitive deficits in other diseases 11 16-19. Patients with CF are also at a greater risk of secondary complications or comorbidities such as diabetes, osteoporosis and cirrhosis of the liver.…”