Children with health impairments by heavy metals in an e-waste recycling area

Zeng, Xiang; Xu, Xijin; Boezen, H. Marike; Huo, Xia

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.078

Cited by 229 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…This greatest exposure is corroborated by local reports and studies that reported the presence of heavy metals in soil samples (Comisión Especial Investigadora Honorable Cámara de Diputados 2003, Figueroa 1997) . This environmental context was present during the early stages of childhood which is consistent with the natural period of human vulnerability related to the immaturity of the nervous system and the high absorption rate of toxicants while young (Sanders et al 2015, Zeng et al 2016). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…In addition, people who live near these contaminated sites are generally low-income families with a higher level of vulnerability to the toxic effects of pollutants. Some evidence from geo-statistical studies reflect that the distribution of learning disorders and other health outcomes, coincides with the historical presence of significant sources of heavy metals and contextual factors such as low quality of housing, poverty, low educational attainment of the parents and other factors associated with the neighborhood (Govarts et al 2016, Margai and Henry 2003, Olivas-Calderon et al 2015, Rauh et al 2008, Tsuji et al 2015, Zeng et al 2016). This issue of environmental injustice has been documented throughout the world in many different countries (Claudio 2007, Cutter 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive performance among cohorts of children exposed to a waste disposal site containing heavy metals in Chile

Burgos

Tenorio

Zapata

et al. 2017

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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Between 1984-1998, people living in Arica were involuntarily exposed to metal-containing waste stored in the urban area. The study aims to determine whether children who lived near the waste disposal site during early childhood experienced negative effects on their cognitive development. The cognitive performance was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. The exposure variable was defined by the year of birth in three categories: (1) Pre-remediation (born before 1999); (2) During-remediation (born between 1999-2003); and (3) Post-remediation (born after 2003). In the crude analysis a difference of 10 points in the IQ average was observed between the group born in the pre (81.9 points) and post remediation period (91.1 points). The difference between both groups was five times higher as compared to children of similar age and socioeconomic status in other cities of Chile. This result could be related with a period of high potential for exposure to this contaminated site.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive performance among cohorts of children exposed to a waste disposal site containing heavy metals in Chile

Burgos

Tenorio

Zapata

et al. 2017

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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“…There are legal frameworks that deal with WEEE and several other instruments and regulations that will be described below ( Figure 6). The WEEE contain heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al) and cobalt (Co) [27,28] and organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), or other compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furans (PCDD/Fs) [29], which can be released from artisanal thermal recycling processes or inadequate recycling processes of WEEE [30], and subsequently have been found in different environmental matrices with adverse negative environmental effects [31,32].…”

Section: Instruments and Regulation Of Electronic Waste Management Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Waste Supply Chain in Mexico: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management

et al. 2017

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Electronic waste is a widespread environmental problem. From all waste streams, e-waste is registering one of the largest growing rates (between 3% and 5%). In Mexico, the e-waste recovery system comprises a mix of formal and informal sectors not well known to date. The goal of this article was to analyze electronic waste in Mexico through the active actors in the recovery chain. This article presents the evolution of studies on electronic waste in Mexico. The legal regulations and public policies were analyzed, as were the existing practices of electronic waste handling, and some challenges facing this country for waste flow management. A management model is proposed which highlights components that must be considered in the model and the opportunities and challenges to transition from an unbundled handling, which still has practices that lack environmental and technical support, to sustainable management.

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“…Interestingly, among the 29 contaminants present at >25% of North Carolina Superfund sites, 13 (45%) were metals or metalloids (Figure 2). Many metals are naturally occurring in North Carolina (Kim et al, 2011; Sanders et al, 2014, 2011; Spangler and Spangler, 2009), but are also used for various commercial purposes, including wood preservation, ingredients of dyes and pigments, and in production of electronics (Miller et al, 2016; Zeng et al, 2016). Also common among the chemicals frequently found at North Carolina Superfund sites were industrial organic solvents, such as trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating ToxCast and Tox21 datasets to rank biological activity of chemicals at Superfund sites in North Carolina

Tilley

Reif

Fry

2017

Environment International

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Background The Superfund program of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in 1980 to address public health concerns posed by toxic substances released into the environment in the United States. Forty-two of the 1328 hazardous waste sites that remain on the Superfund National Priority List are located in the state of North Carolina. Methods We set out to develop a database that contained information on both the prevalence and biological activity of chemicals present at Superfund sites in North Carolina. A chemical characterization tool, the Toxicological Priority Index (ToxPi), was used to rank the biological activity of these chemicals based on their predicted bioavailability, documented associations with biological pathways, and activity in in vitro assays of the ToxCast and Tox21 programs. Results The ten most prevalent chemicals found at North Carolina Superfund sites were chromium, trichloroethene, lead, tetrachloroethene, arsenic, benzene, manganese, 1,2-dichloroethane, nickel, and barium. For all chemicals found at North Carolina Superfund sites, ToxPi analysis was used to rank their biological activity. Through this data integration, residual pesticides and organic solvents were identified to be some of the most highly-ranking predicted bioactive chemicals. This study provides a novel methodology for creating state or regional databases of Superfund sites. Conclusions These data represent a novel integrated profile of the most prevalent chemicals at North Carolina Superfund sites. This information, and the associated methodology, is useful to toxicologists, risk assessors, and the communities living in close proximity to these sites.

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Children with health impairments by heavy metals in an e-waste recycling area

Cited by 229 publications

References 106 publications

Cognitive performance among cohorts of children exposed to a waste disposal site containing heavy metals in Chile

Cognitive performance among cohorts of children exposed to a waste disposal site containing heavy metals in Chile

E-Waste Supply Chain in Mexico: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management

Incorporating ToxCast and Tox21 datasets to rank biological activity of chemicals at Superfund sites in North Carolina

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